Indlela yokwenza umquba

Umquba uguqula ubulongwe benkukhu bube umanyolo ophilayo wemvelo

1. Ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba, umquba wemfuyo, ngokusebenzisa ama-microorganisms, uguqula izinto eziphilayo okunzima ukuzisebenzisa izitshalo zezithelo nemifino zibe izakhi ezitholakala kalula yizithelo nezitshalo zemifino.

2. Ukushisa okuphezulu okungaba ngu-70°C okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuvundisa kungabulala iningi lamagciwane namaqanda, ngokuyisisekelo kuzuze ukungabi nangozi.

Inqubo yokuvutshelwa komquba ibola ngokugcwele udoti wemvelo, futhi ukuvutshelwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-bio-organic kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo.Ukuvutshelwa okwanele kuyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa komanyolo wezinga eliphezulu.Umshini wokwenza umquba uyakubona ukuvutshelwa okuphelele kanye nokwenza umquba kamanyolo, futhi ukwazi ukubona ukunqwabelana okuphezulu nokuvutshelwa, okuthuthukisa isivinini sokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic.

Umquba wezinkukhu ongaboli ngokugcwele kungathiwa uwumanyolo oyingozi.

Umanyolo we-organic unemisebenzi eminingi.Umanyolo we-organic ungathuthukisa indawo ezungezile yenhlabathi, ukhuthaze ukukhula kwama-microorganisms anenzuzo, uthuthukise ikhwalithi kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezolimo, futhi ukhuthaze ukukhula okunempilo kwezilimo.

Ukulawulwa kwesimo sokukhiqizwa kukamanyolo we-organic ukusebenzisana kwezimpawu zomzimba nezebhayoloji phakathi nenqubo yokwenza umquba, futhi izimo zokulawula zihlanganiswa ukuxhumana.

- Ukulawula umswakama

Umswakama uyisidingo esibalulekile sokwenza umquba wemvelo.Enqubweni yokwenza umquba, umswakama olinganiselwe wezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-compost ungama-40% kuya ku-70%, oqinisekisa inqubekela phambili eshelelayo yokwenza umquba.

- Ukulawula izinga lokushisa

Kungumphumela womsebenzi we-microbial, onquma ukusebenzisana kwezinto.

Ukwenza umquba kungenye into elawula izinga lokushisa.Ukwenza umquba kungalawula izinga lokushisa lempahla, kuthuthukise ukuhwamuka, futhi kuphoqe umoya phakathi kwenqwaba.

- Ukulawula isilinganiso se-C/N

Uma isilinganiso se-C/N sifanelekile, ukwenza umquba kungenziwa kahle.Uma isilinganiso se-C/N siphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kanye nemvelo elinganiselwe yokukhula, izinga lokuwohloka kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo lizohamba kancane, okuholela esikhathini eside sokwenza umquba.Uma isilinganiso se-C/N siphansi kakhulu, ikhabhoni ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, futhi i-nitrogen eyeqile ilahleka ngesimo se-ammonia.Akuthinti nje imvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle komanyolo we-nitrogen.

- Ukungena komoya kanye nokutholakala kwe-oxygen

Ukwenza umquba kuyisici esibalulekile emoyeni onganele kanye nomoya-mpilo.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen edingekayo ekukhuleni kwama-microorganisms.Izinga lokushisa lokusabela lilungiswa ngokulawula ukungena komoya, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesikhathi sokwenzeka komquba kuyalawulwa.

- Ukulawulwa kwe-PH

Inani le-PH lizothinta yonke inqubo yokwenza umquba.Uma izimo zokulawula zizinhle, umquba ungacutshungulwa kahle.Ngakho-ke, umanyolo wekhwalithi ephezulu ungakhiqizwa futhi usetshenziswe njengomanyolo ongcono kakhulu wezitshalo.

Izindlela zokwenza umquba.

Kuyisiko ukuthi abantu bahlukanise phakathi kwe-aerobic composting kanye ne-anaerobic composting.Inqubo yesimanje yokwenza umquba ngokuyisisekelo i-aerobic composting.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuvundisa kwe-aerobic kunobuhle bokushisa okuphezulu, ukubola kwe-matrix okuphelele, umjikelezo omfushane wokwenza umquba, iphunga eliphansi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kokwelashwa kwemishini.I-Anaerobic composting iwukusebenzisa ama-anaerobic microorganisms ukuqedela ukusabela kokubola, umoya uhlukanisiwe nomquba, izinga lokushisa liphansi, inqubo ilula, umkhiqizo uqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, kodwa umjikelezo wokwenza umquba mude kakhulu; iphunga linamandla, futhi umkhiqizo uqukethe ukubola okunganele Ukungcola.

Enye ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi i-oksijini iyadingeka yini, kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aerobic kanye ne-anaerobic composting;

Enye ihlukaniswe izinga lokushisa lomquba, okuhlanganisa umquba onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomquba wezinga lokushisa eliphakathi;

Enye ihlukaniswa ngokwezinga lokusebenzisa imishini, okuhlanganisa ukuvundisa kwemvelo okuvulekile emoyeni kanye ne-composting eyenziwe ngomshini.

Ngokwesidingo se-oxygen yama-microorganisms ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza umquba, indlela yokwenza umquba ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-aerobic composting kanye ne-anaerobic composting.Ngokuvamile, umquba ohlanganisa i-aerobic unezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngokuvamile elingu-55-60℃, futhi umkhawulo ungafinyelela ku-80-90℃.Ngakho-ke ukuvundisa kwe-aerobic kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi i-composting enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu;i-anaerobic composting iwukwenza umquba ngokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic microbial ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic.

1. Umgomo wokwenza umquba we-aerobic.

①I-Aerobic composting yenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic kusetshenziswa isenzo se-aerobic microorganisms.Enqubweni yokwenza umquba, izinto ezincibilikayo emqubeni wemfuyo zimuncwa ngokuqondile ama-microorganisms ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli we-microorganisms;izinto eziphilayo ze-colloidal ezingancibiliki ziqala zikhangiswe ngaphandle kwama-microorganisms futhi ziboliswe zibe izinto ezincibilikayo ngama-enzyme e-extracellular akhiqizwe ama-microorganisms, bese engena emangqamuzaneni..

I-Aerobic composting ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu.

Isiteji sokushisa esiphakathi.Isiteji se-mesophilic sibizwa nangokuthi isigaba sokukhiqiza ukushisa, okubhekisela esigabeni sokuqala senqubo yokwenza umquba.Ungqimba lwenqwaba ngokuyisisekelo luyi-mesophilic ku-15-45°C.Ama-Mesophilic microorganisms asebenza kakhulu futhi asebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikayo kumquba ukwenza imisebenzi yempilo enamandla.Lawa ma microorganisms e-mesophilic afaka isikhunta, amagciwane kanye ne-actinomycetes, ikakhulukazi asekelwe kushukela kanye nesitashi.

②Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.Lapho izinga lokushisa lesitaki likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-45℃, lizongena esigabeni sokushisa okuphezulu.Kulesi sigaba, ama-microorganisms e-mesophilic ayavinjelwa noma afe, futhi athathelwe indawo yi-microorganisms thermophilic.Izinto eziphilayo ezisasele nezisanda kwakheka ezincibilikayo kumquba ziyaqhubeka nokufakwa nge-oxid futhi zibola, kanti izinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi emqubeni, njenge-hemicellulose, i-cellulose namaprotheni, nazo zibola kakhulu.

③Isigaba sokupholisa.Esigabeni sakamuva sokuvutshelwa, kusele ezinye zezinto eziphilayo okunzima kakhulu ukubola ngazo kanye ne-humus esanda kwakheka.Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi we-microorganisms uyancipha, inani le-calorific liyancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa liyancipha.Ama-Mesophilic microorganisms abusa futhi, futhi aqhubeke nokubola izinto eziphilayo ezisele okunzima kakhulu ukubola.I-humus iyaqhubeka nokukhula nokuzinza, futhi umquba ungena esigabeni sokuvuthwa, futhi isidingo se-oxygen siyancipha kakhulu., Umswakama womswakama nawo uyancipha, i-porosity yomquba iyanda, futhi umthamo wokusabalalisa umoya-mpilo uyathuthukiswa.Ngalesi sikhathi, kudingeka umoya omncane wemvelo kuphela.

2. Isimiso sokuhlanganisa i-anaerobic composting.

I-Anaerobic composting ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane ezincane ze-anaerobic ukwenza ukubola nokubola ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anoxic.Ngaphezu kwe-carbon dioxide namanzi, imikhiqizo yokugcina ihlanganisa i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-methane namanye ama-asidi e-organic, okuhlanganisa i-ammonia, i-hydrogen sulfide nezinye izinto Inephunga elingavamile, futhi i-anaerobic composting ithatha isikhathi eside, futhi ngokuvamile ithatha amaningana. izinyanga ukubola ngokugcwele.Umquba wegceke lasemapulazini wendabuko umquba we-anaerobic.

Inqubo yokwenza umquba we-anaerobic ihlukaniswe kakhulu izigaba ezimbili:

Isigaba sokuqala yisigaba sokukhiqiza i-asidi.Amabhaktheriya akhiqiza i-Acid ehlisa i-molecule enkulu yezinto eziphilayo zibe ama-organic acids amancane, i-acetic acid, i-propanol nezinye izinto.

Isigaba sesibili yisigaba sokukhiqiza i-methane.Ama-methanogens ayaqhubeka nokubola ama-asidi e-organic abe yigesi ye-methane.

Awukho umoya-mpilo wokubamba iqhaza enqubweni ye-anaerobic, futhi inqubo ye-acidification ikhiqiza amandla amancane.Amandla amaningi agcinwa kuma-athomu e-asidi ephilayo futhi akhishwe njengegesi ye-methane ngaphansi kwesenzo sebhaktheriya ye-methane.I-Anaerobic composting ibonakala ngezinyathelo eziningi zokusabela, isivinini esincane kanye nesikhathi eside.

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