Umanyolo we-organic ikakhulukazi ubulala ama-microorganisms ayingozi njengezitshalo ze-pathogenic bacterium, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu yokhula, njll. esigabeni sokufudumala kanye nesigaba sokushisa esiphezulu sokwenza umquba.Kodwa-ke, indima eyinhloko yama-microorganisms kule nqubo i-metabolism nokukhiqiza, futhi inani elincane kuphela elikhiqizwayo.Ama-Metabolites, futhi lawa ma-metabolites awazinzile futhi awamuncwa kalula izitshalo.Esikhathini sokupholisa sakamuva, ama-microorganisms azothobisa izinto eziphilayo futhi akhiqize inani elikhulu lama-metabolites anenzuzo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo nokumuncwa.Le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezingu-45-60.
Umquba ngemuva kwalolu hlelo ungafinyelela izinhloso ezintathu:
Eyodwa.Akunangozi, izinto eziphilayo noma zamakhemikhali eziyingozi kudoti wemvelo ziphathwa ngendlela engenabungozi noma ephephile;
Okwesibili, i-humusification.Inqubo ye-humusification ye-organic matter yenhlabathi iwukubola.Imikhiqizo elula yokubola ekhiqizwa ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-microorganisms ikhiqiza ama-organic compounds amasha-humus.Lena inqubo ye-humification, uhlobo lokuqoqwa kwezakhi;
Okwesithathu, ukukhiqizwa kwama-microbial metabolites.Ngesikhathi se-metabolism yama-microorganisms, ama-metabolites ahlukahlukene, njengama-amino acid, ama-nucleotides, ama-polysaccharides, ama-lipids, amavithamini, ama-antibiotics, nezinto zamaprotheni, akhiqizwa.
Inqubo yokuvutshelwa komquba we-organic iyinqubo ye-metabolism kanye nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene.Inqubo ye-metabolic yama-microorganisms iyinqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.Ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kuzokhiqiza amandla nakanjani ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa.Ukufa, ukushintshwa kanye nokuguqulwa kwefomu lezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-microorganisms ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa konke kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isuka kumbono we-thermodynamics, i-biology noma ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, inqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-composting ayisona isikhathi esifushane sezinsuku ezimbalwa noma izinsuku eziyishumi.Okungenziwa ukuthi kungani ukwenza umquba kusathatha izinsuku ezingama-45-60 noma ngabe izinga lokushisa elihlukahlukene, umswakama, umswakama, ama-microorganisms nezinye izimo zilawulwa kahle.
Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuvutshelwa komquba kamanyolo yisiteji sokushisa → izinga lokushisa eliphezulu → isigaba sokupholisa → isigaba sokuvuthwa kanye nokugcina ukushisa
1. Isigaba somkhuhlane
Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhiqizwa komquba, ama-microorganisms kumquba ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kanye ne-aerobic, futhi ezivame kakhulu ama-non-spore bacteria, ama-spore bacteria kanye nezibungu.Ziqala inqubo yokuvubela yokuvundisa, zibolise izinto eziphilayo ezibola kalula ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic futhi zikhiqize ukushisa okukhulu, futhi zilokhu zikhuphula izinga lokushisa lomquba ukusuka cishe ku-20°C kuya ku-40°C, okubizwa ngokuthi isiteji sokushisa.
2. Isiteji sokushisa esiphezulu
Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ama-microorganisms we-thermophilic kancane kancane athatha indawo yezinhlobo ze-mesophilic futhi adlala indima ehamba phambili.Izinga lokushisa liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ngokuvamile lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-50°C phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, lingena esigabeni sokushisa esiphezulu.
Esigabeni sokushisa okuphezulu, i-thermoactinomycetes kanye nesikhunta se-thermogenic ziba yizinhlobo eziyinhloko.Zibola kakhulu izinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi emqubeni, ziqongelela ukushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lomquba likhuphukela ku-60-80°C.
3. Isiteji sokupholisa
Lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lithatha isikhathi esithile, iningi le-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, ne-pectin izinto ziye zabola, okushiya izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukubola kanye ne-humus esanda kwakhiwa, umsebenzi we-microorganisms uba buthaka, futhi izinga lokushisa kancane kancane. amaconsi.Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-40°C, ama-mesophilic microorganisms abuye abe uhlobo oluvelele futhi.
4. Isigaba sokubola nokugcina umanyolo
Ngemuva kokubola komquba, umthamo uyancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa lomquba liyehla libe phezulu kancane kunezinga lokushisa.Ngalesi sikhathi, umquba kufanele uhlanganiswe ukuze ubangele isimo se-anaerobic futhi wenze buthaka ukugaywa kwamaminerali ezinto eziphilayo ukuze kube lula ukulondolozwa komanyolo.
Ukugaywa kwezimbiwa kwe-compost organic matter kungahlinzeka izitshalo kanye nama-microorganisms ngemisoco esebenza ngokushesha, kunikeze amandla emisebenzi ye-microbial, futhi kulungise izinto eziyisisekelo zokwenziwa kwe-humification ye-compost organic matter.
Izinkomba eziyisethenjwa zenqubo yokuvutshelwa kukamanyolo we-organic:
1. Ukuxega
Indlela ye-biological fermentation iqala ukuxega ngosuku lwesine lokuvutshelwa futhi isesimweni sezingcezu eziphukile.
2. Iphunga
Indlela ye-bio-fermentation yaqala ukunciphisa iphunga kusukela ngosuku lwesibili, ngokuyisisekelo yanyamalala ngosuku lwesine, yanyamalala ngokuphelele ngosuku lwesihlanu, futhi yakhipha iphunga lomhlabathi ngosuku lwesikhombisa.
3. Izinga lokushisa
Indlela ye-biological fermentation yafinyelela esigabeni sokushisa okuphezulu ngosuku lwe-2, futhi yaqala ukubuyela emuva ngosuku lwe-7.Gcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu isikhathi eside, futhi ukuvutshelwa kuzobola ngokuphelele.
4. PH inani
Inani le-pH lendlela yokuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo lifinyelela ku-6.5.
5. Okuqukethwe umswakama
Umswakamo wokuqala wezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuvutshelwa ungama-55%, kanti umswakama wendlela ye-biological fermentation ungancishiswa ube ngu-30%.
6. I-Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)
Ekuqaleni kokuvutshelwa, okuqukethwe kwe-ammonium nitrogen kwanda ngokushesha futhi kwafinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu ngosuku lwesi-4.Lokhu kwabangelwa i-ammoniation kanye namaminerali e-nitrogen ephilayo.Kamuva, i-ammonium nitrogen kumanyolo we-organic yalahleka futhi yaguqulwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka.Iba i-nitrate nitrogen futhi iyancipha kancane kancane.Uma i-ammonium nitrogen ingaphansi kuka-400mg/kg, ifinyelela uphawu lokuvuthwa.Okuqukethwe yi-ammonium nitrogen endleleni yokuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kungancishiswa kuze kufike ku-215mg/kg.
7. Isilinganiso sekhabhoni nenitrogen
Uma isilinganiso se-C/NC/N somquba sifinyelela ngaphansi kwama-20, sifinyelela enkombeni yokuvuthwa.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ingxenye yedatha kulesi sihloko ingeyereferensi kuphela.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-29-2021