Indlela yokulawula izinga lomquba

Ukulawulwa kwesimoukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo we-organic, empeleni, ukusebenzisana kwezakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezebhayoloji ohlelweni lwenqwaba yomquba.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sokulawula siyasebenzisana futhi sihlanganiswe.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amawindi ahlukene ahlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​ngenxa yemvelo ehlukahlukene kanye nesivinini sokuwohloka okuhlukile.

●Ukulawula umswakama
Umswakama uyisidingo esibalulekile sokwenza umquba wemvelo.Enqubweni yokwenza umquba, umswakama ohlobene wento yokuqala yokwenza umquba ungama-40% kuya ku-70%, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kahle komquba.Umswakama ofaneleka kakhulu ungama-60-70%.Umswakama ophezulu kakhulu noma ophansi kakhulu ungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-aerobiotic microbial ukuze ukulawulwa kwamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa.Uma umswakama wezinto ezibonakalayo ungaphansi kuka-60%, ukushisa kuhamba kancane, izinga lokushisa liphansi futhi idigri yokubola iphansi.Umswakama ungaphezu kuka-70%, unomthelela ekungeneni komoya, okwenza kube ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic, ukushisa kancane kanye nokubola okungekuhle.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukungeza amanzi enqwabeni yomquba kungasheshisa ukuvuthwa komquba kanye nokuzinza kubinzana elisebenza kakhulu.Umthamo wamanzi kufanele uhlale u-50-60%.Umswakama kufanele ufakwe ngemuva kwalokho ugcinwe u-40% kuya ku-50%, kuyilapho akufanele uvuze.Umswakama kufanele ulawulwe ngaphansi kuka-30% emikhiqizweni.Uma umswakama uphezulu, kufanele yome ezingeni lokushisa elingu-80℃.

●Ukulawula izinga lokushisa
Izinga lokushisa yimiphumela yomsebenzi we-microorganism.Inquma ukusebenzisana kwezinto.Emazingeni okushisa angama-30 ~ 50℃ esigabeni sokuqala sengqumbi yomquba, umsebenzi we-mesophile ungakhipha ukushisa, ubangele izinga lokushisa lomquba.Izinga lokushisa elilungile lalingu-55 ~ 60℃.Ama-microorganisms we-Thermophilic angehlisa inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo futhi aphule ngokushesha i-cellulose ngesikhathi esifushane.Ukushisa okuphezulu kuyisimo esidingekayo sokubulala imfucumfucu enobuthi, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amaqanda ezinambuzane kanye nembewu yokhula, njll. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kuthatha amaviki angu-2 ~ 3 ukubulala imfucumfucu eyingozi ekushiseni okungu-55 ℃, 65 ℃ isonto eli-1, noma 70 ℃ amahora ambalwa.

Okuqukethwe umswakama kuyisici esithinta izinga lokushisa lomquba.Umswakama owedlulele unganciphisa izinga lokushisa lomquba.Ukulungisa umswakama kuvumela ukufudumala esigabeni sakamuva somquba.Izinga lokushisa lingancishiswa ngokwenyusa umswakamo, ukugwema izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi somquba.
Ukwenza umquba kungenye into yokulawula izinga lokushisa.Ukwenza umquba kungalawula izinga lokushisa lezinto futhi kuthuthukise ukuhwamuka, kuphoqelele umoya enqwabeni.Kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa le-reactor ngokusebenzisaumshini wokujika umquba.Ibonakala ngokusebenza okulula, intengo ephansi nokusebenza okuphezulu.Ukulungisa ukuvama komquba kulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu.

●Ukulawula isilinganiso se-C/N
Uma isilinganiso se-C/N sifanelekile, ukwenza umquba kungakhiqizwa kahle.Uma isilinganiso se-C/N siphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kanye nemvelo elinganiselwe yokukhula, izinga lokuwohloka kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo lihamba kancane, okubangela isikhathi eside sokwenza umquba.Uma isilinganiso se-C/N siphansi kakhulu, ikhabhoni ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, i-nitrogen eyeqile ilahlekelwa yizinhlobo ze-ammonia.Akuthinti nje imvelo kuphela kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle komanyolo we-nitrogen.Amagciwane akha i-microbial protoplasm ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba wezinto eziphilayo.Ngesisekelo sesisindo esomile, i-protoplasm iqukethe u-50% wekhabhoni, u-5% we-nitrogen no-0. 25% we-phosphate.Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi batusa ukuthi i-C/N efanele yomquba ibe ngu-20-30%.
Isilinganiso se-C/N somquba wemvelo singalungiswa ngokungeza izinto eziqukethe ikhabhoni ephezulu noma i-nitrogen ephezulu.Ezinye izinto ezinjengotshani, ukhula, izinkuni ezifile namaqabunga, ziqukethe imicu, i-lignin ne-pectin.Ngenxa yokuthi i-C/N ephezulu, ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo sekhabhoni ephezulu.Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, umquba wemfuyo ungasetshenziswa njengezithasiselo ezine-nitrogen ephezulu.Isibonelo, ubulongwe bezingulube buqukethe i-ammonium nitrogen etholakala kumaphesenti angama-80 amagciwane, ukuze kukhuliswe ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokuzala kanye nokusheshisa ukuvuthwa komquba.Uhlobo olusha lwe-organic fertilizer granulatorifanele lesi sigaba.Lapho izinto zomsuka zingena emshinini, izithasiselo zingangezwa ngokuya ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene.

●Ukungenisa umoya kanye nokuhlinzeka nge-oxygen
Kuyisici esibalulekile ekwenzeni umquba ube nomoya owanele nomoya-mpilo.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen edingekayo ukuze kukhule amagciwane.Ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokusabela ngokulawula ukungena komoya ukuze ulawule izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuvundisa kanye nesikhathi sokwenzeka.Nakuba ukulondoloza izimo zokushisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukwandisa umoya wokungenisa umoya kungasusa umswakama.Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele kanye ne-oxygen kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen, ukukhiqizwa kwe-malodor kanye nomswakama, okulula ukugcina imikhiqizo eqhubekayo yokucubungula.

Umswakama womquba unomphumela ku-aeration porosity kanye nokusebenza kwe-microbial, okuzophazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen.Kuyisici esibalulekile ekwenzeni umquba we-aerobic.Idinga ukulawula umswakama kanye komoya-mpilo ngesisekelo sezakhiwo zezinto zokwakha, ukufeza ukusebenzelana kwamanzi nomoya-mpilo.Nakuba kucatshangelwa kokubili, kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokuzala futhi kuthuthukise isimo sokulawula.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komoyampilo kukhuphuka kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-60 ℃, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kuphezulu kuno-60 ℃ futhi kusondele ku-zero ngaphezu kuka-70 ℃.Inani lokungenisa umoya nomoya-mpilo kufanele lilawulwe ngokuhambisana nezinga lokushisa elihlukile.

● Izilawuli ze-pH
Inani le-pH lithinta yonke inqubo yokwenza umquba.Esigabeni sokuqala sokwenza umquba, i-pH ithinta umsebenzi webhaktheriya.Isibonelo, i-pH=6.0 iyindawo yomngcele wengulube evuthiwe kanye nothuli lwamasaha.Ivimbela i-carbon dioxide kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa ku-pH <6.0.Yenyuka ngokushesha ku-carbon dioxide nasekukhiqizeni ukushisa ku-PH> 6. 0. Ngenkathi ingena esigabeni sokushisa okuphezulu, isenzo esihlangene se-pH ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuholela ekushiseni kwe-ammonia.Amagciwane ancipha abe yiasidi ephilayo ngokufaka umquba, okuholela ekuncipheni kwe-pH, kuye ku-5 noma ngaphezulu.Bese kuthi ama-asidi e-organic aguquguquke ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-ammonia, incishwe izinto eziphilayo, yenza i-pH ikhuphuke.Ekugcineni, lizinza ezingeni eliphezulu.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu omquba, inani le-pH ku-7.5 ~ 8.5 lingafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokwenza umquba.I-pH ephezulu kakhulu futhi ingabangela ukuvuvuka ngokweqile kwe-ammonia, ngaleyo ndlela inganciphisa i-pH ngokufaka i-alum ne-phosphoric acid.

 

Kafushane, ukulawula izinga lomquba akulula.Kulula ku-a