Umanyolo wamakhemikhali ukhiqizwa ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezingaphili, izinto ezihlinzeka ngezakhi zokukhulisa izitshalo ngezindlela ezingokwenyama noma zamakhemikhali.
Izakhamzimba Zomanyolo Wamakhemikhali
Umanyolo wamakhemikhali unothe ngezakhi ezintathu ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.Izinhlobo zikamanyolo zisezinhlotsheni ezinkulu.Ezinye izibonelo zomanyolo wamakhemikhali yi-ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride njll.
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☆Umanyolo we-nitrogen
Izimpande zezitshalo zingamunca umanyolo we-nitrogen.I-nitrogen iyisakhi esiyinhloko samaprotheni (kuhlanganise namanye ama-enzyme kanye ne-coenzyme), i-nucleic acid nama-phospholipids.Ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ze-protoplasm, i-nucleus ne-biofilm, enendima ekhethekile emisebenzini ebalulekile yezitshalo.I-nitrogen iyingxenye ye-chlorophyll, ngakho inobudlelwane obuseduze ne-photosynthesis.Inani le-nitrogen lizothinta ngokuqondile ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli nokukhula.Ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa komanyolo we-nitrogen kuyadingeka kakhulu.I-urea, i-ammonium nitrate ne-ammonium sulfate ivame ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo.
☆Umanyolo wePhosphatic
I-Phosphorus ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande, izimbali, imbewu kanye nezithelo.I-Phosphorus ibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene ze-metabolic.I-Phosphorus inothile ngama-meristems, anemisebenzi yempilo ekhiqiza kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukufaka umanyolo we-P kunomphumela omuhle ku-tiller, igatsha kanye nokukhula kwezimpande.I-Phosphorus ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwama-carbohydrate, ivumela ukukhula kwembewu, izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa.Ingakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu isivuno sezitshalo.
☆Umanyolo wePotassic
Umanyolo we-Potassic usetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukukhula kwesiqu, ukunyakaza kwamanzi kanye nokugqugquzela ukuqhakaza nokuqhakaza.I-Potassium(K) isesimweni se-ion ezitshalweni, egxila ezingxenyeni ezikhiqiza kakhulu empilweni yesitshalo, njengendawo ekhulayo, i-cambium namaqabunga, njll. I-Potassium ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, yenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kukashukela futhi iqinisekise amangqamuzana. ukumuncwa kwamanzi.
Izinzuzo kumanyolo wamakhemikhali
Umanyolo wamakhemikhali osiza izitshalo ukuthi zikhule
Ziqukethe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yezakhi ezibalulekile zokukhula ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium nezinye ezihlukahlukene.Uma sezengezwe enhlabathini, lezi zakhi zomsoco zifeza izimfuno ezidingekayo zezitshalo futhi zizinikeze imisoco ebezingenazo ngokwemvelo noma zizisize zigcine imisoco elahlekile.Umanyolo wamakhemikhali unikeza ukwakheka okukhethekile kwe-NPK ukuze kwelaphe inhlabathi nezitshalo ezingenazo izakhamzimba.
Umanyolo wamakhemikhali ushibhile kunomanyolo we-organic
Umanyolo wamakhemikhali uvame ukubiza kancane kakhulu kunomanyolo we-organic.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubona kusukela kunqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic.Akunzima ukuthola izizathu zokuthi kungani umanyolo wemvelo ubiza: isidingo sokuvuna izinto eziphilayo ezizosetshenziswa kumanyolo, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zokuqinisekiswa kwe-organic yizinhlaka zikahulumeni ezilawulayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umanyolo wamakhemikhali obonakala ushibhile kungenxa yokuthi upakisha imisoco eyengeziwe ngekhilogremu yesisindo, kuyilapho kudingeka umanyolo omningi wezinto eziphilayo ezingeni elifanayo lezakhi.Umuntu udinga amakhilogremu amaningana omanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ukuze anikeze amazinga afanayo ezakhi zomhlabathi anikezwa iphawundi elilodwa lomanyolo wamakhemikhali.Lezo zizathu ezi-2 zithonya ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nomanyolo we-organic.Eminye imibiko iphakamisa ukuthi imakethe kaMquba yase-US ilinganiselwa ku-$40 Bilion lapho umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo uthatha cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-60 kuphela.Okunye kwakho kuyisabelo samanyolo ahlukahlukene okwenziwa.
Ukunikeza ukudla okusheshayo
Ukunikezwa kokudla okusheshayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokuthenga kwenza kwaduma kakhulu umanyolo wezinto ezingaphili.Umanyolo wamakhemikhali usuyinsakavukela emapulazini amaningi, emagcekeni nasezingadini, futhi ungaba ingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokunakekela utshani obunempilo.Nokho, ingabe umanyolo wamakhemikhali awulimazi umhlabathi nezitshalo?Azikho yini izinto ezidinga ukuqashelwa ekufakweni kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali?Impendulo ngokuphelele ithi CHA!
Imiphumela Yemvelo Yokusebenzisa Izivundisi Zokwenziwa
Ukungcoliswa komthombo wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba
Ezinye zezinhlanganisela zokwenziwa ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umanyolo wamakhemikhali zingaba nemiphumela engemihle kwezemvelo lapho zivunyelwa ukuba zigijimele emithonjeni yamanzi.I-nitrogen egeleza emanzini angaphezulu ngamapulazi ihlanganisa u-51% wemisebenzi yabantu.I-ammonia nitrogen ne-nitrate yizona zinto ezingcolisa kakhulu emifuleni nasemachibini, okuholela eutrophication kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukucekela phansi isakhiwo somhlabathi
● Ngokusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali isikhathi eside nangezinga elikhulu, ezinye izinkinga zemvelo zizovela, njengokufakwa kwe-asidi yomhlabathi noqweqwe.Ngenxa yokusebenzisa umanyolo omningi we-nitrogen, esikhundleni somanyolo we-organic, amanye amapulazi asezindaweni ezishisayo asesigabeni esiqinile senhlabathi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni inani lokulima ekugcineni.Imithelela kamanyolo wamakhemikhali emhlabathini mikhulu futhi ayibuyiseleki emuva.
● Ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali isikhathi eside kungashintsha i-pH yenhlabathi, kuphazamise ama-microbial ecosystem azuzisayo, kwandise izinambuzane, futhi kube nengxenye ekuphumeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
●Izinhlobo eziningi zikamanyolo wezinto ezingaphili zine-asidi eningi, okuvame ukukhulisa i-asidi yomhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izinto eziphilayo eziwusizo futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwezitshalo.Ngokuphazamisa lesi simiso semvelo semvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside komanyolo wokwenziwa kungagcina kubangele ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali ezitshalweni eziwutholayo.
● Ukufakwa okuphindaphindiwe kungase kuphumele ekunqwabeleniseni amakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-arsenic, i-cadmium, ne-uranium emhlabathini.Lawa makhemikhali anobuthi ekugcineni angangena ezithelweni nasemifino yakho.
Ukuba nolwazi oluphusile lokusebenzisa umanyolo kungagwema ukumosha okungadingekile ekuthengeni umanyolo futhi kwandise isivuno sezitshalo.
Ukukhetha umanyolo ngokwezimpawu zomhlabathi
Ngaphambi kokuthenga umanyolo, kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle inhlabathi pH.Uma inhlabathi ibolile, singakwazi ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-organic, sigcine ukulawula i-nitrogenous futhi sihlale inani likamanyolo we-phosphatic.
Ukusebenzisana neumanyolo ophilayo
Kusemqoka ukuthi ezolimo zisetshenzisweumanyolo ophilayokanye nomanyolo wamakhemikhali.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kuyazuzisa ukushintshwa kwezinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi.Ngokusetshenziswa komquba we-organic kanye nomanyolo wamakhemikhali, i-organic matter yenhlabathi iyathuthukiswa futhi umthamo wokushintshanisa umhlabathi uyathuthukiswa, okusiza ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-enzyme yomhlabathi futhi kwandise ukumuncwa kwezakhi zezitshalo.Isiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo, ithuthukise ingxenye yamaprotheni, ama-amino acid nezinye izakhi, futhi inciphise okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate ne-nitrite emifino nasezithelo.
Ukukhetha indlela efanele yokuzalanisa
Ngamasu okuvundisa kanye nezimo zemvelo, okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate kwemifino nezitshalo kanye nezinhlobo ze-nitrogen emhlabathini kuhlobene eduze.ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrate emifino, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sakamuva.Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali kufanele kube kusenesikhathi futhi kungabi kakhulu.Umanyolo we-nitrogen awufanele ukusakazeka, ngaphandle kwalokho okuholela ekushiseni noma ekulahlekeni.Ngenxa yokuhamba kancane, umanyolo we-phosphatic kufanele ube endaweni ejulile.
Umanyolo wamakhemikhali wenza okuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, kanti futhi unethonya elikhulu endaweni ezungezile.
Kukhona ingozi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezindaba zemvelo ezilethwa umanyolo wamakhemikhali.Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela emhlabeni ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho, ukuze wenze ukukhetha kwakho ngokuqaphela.
Isimiso sokusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali
Yehlisa inani likamanyolo wamakhemikhali bese uhlanganisa nomanyolo wemvelo.Yenza ukuxilongwa komsoco ngokwezimo zenhlabathi yendawo bese usebenzisa umanyolo ngokwezidingo zangempela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021