Ukulawulwa kwesimoukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo we-organic, empeleni, ukusebenzisana kwezakhiwo zomzimba nezebhayoloji lapho kwenziwa umquba.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sokulawula siyasebenzisana futhi sihlanganiswe.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amawindi ahlukene ahlanganiswa ndawonye, ngenxa yemvelo ehlukahlukene kanye nesivinini sokuwohloka okuhlukile.
Ukulawula umswakama
Umswakama uyisidingo esibalulekileorganic composting.Enqubweni yokwenza umquba, umswakama olinganiselwe wento yokuqala yokwenza umquba ungama-40% kuya ku-70%, oqinisekisa inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yokwenza umquba.Umswakama ofaneleka kakhulu ungama-60-70%.Umswakama ophezulu kakhulu noma ophansi kakhulu ungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-aerobe ukuze ukulawulwa komswakama kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa.Uma umswakama wezinto ezibonakalayo ungaphansi kuka-60%, izinga lokushisa liyenyuka kancane futhi izinga lokubola liphansi.Uma umswakama ungaphezu kwama-70%, ukungena komoya kuyavinjwa futhi ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic kuyokwenziwa, okungahambisani nayo yonke inqubekelaphambili yokuvutshelwa.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwandisa ngokufanele umswakama wempahla eluhlaza kungasheshisa ukuvuthwa komquba nokuzinza.Umswakama kufanele uhlale ku-50-60% esigabeni sokuqala sokwenza umquba bese kufanele ugcinwe ku-40% kuya ku-50%.Umswakama kufanele ulawulwe ngaphansi kwama-30% ngemuva kokwenza umquba.Uma umswakama uphezulu, kufanele yome ezingeni lokushisa elingu-80℃.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa.
Kungumphumela womsebenzi we-microbial, onquma ukusebenzisana kwezinto.Uma izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokuvundisa lingama-30 ~ 50℃, ama-microorganisms e-thermophilic angehlisa inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo futhi abole i-cellulose ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela akhuthaze ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwenqwaba.Izinga lokushisa elilungile lingu-55 ~ 60℃.Ukushisa okuphezulu kuyisimo esidingekayo sokubulala amagciwane, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu yokhula nezinye izinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi.Ku-55℃, 65℃ kanye no-70℃ amazinga okushisa aphezulu amahora ambalwa angabulala izinto eziyingozi.Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu emazingeni okushisa avamile.
Sishilo ukuthi umswakama uyisici esithinta izinga lokushisa lomquba.Umswakama owedlulele uzokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomquba, futhi ukulungisa umswakama kunenzuzo ekukhuphuleni izinga lokushisa esigabeni sakamuva sokuvutshelwa.Izinga lokushisa lingehliswa futhi ngokungeza umswakama owengeziwe.
Ukuguqula inqwaba kungenye indlela yokulawula izinga lokushisa.Ngokuphendula inqwaba, izinga lokushisa lenqwaba yezinto ezibonakalayo lingalawulwa ngempumelelo, futhi ukuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye nezinga lokugeleza komoya kungasheshiswa.Iumshini wokujika umqubakuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthola ukuvutshelwa kwesikhathi esifushane.Inezici zokusebenza okulula, intengo ethengekayo kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.I-cumshini wokuvula i-ompostingalawula ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sokuvutshelwa.
Ukulawula isilinganiso se-C/N.
Isilinganiso esifanele se-C/N singakhuthaza ukuvutshelwa okubushelelezi.Uma isilinganiso se-C/N siphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kanye nomkhawulo wendawo ekhulayo, izinga lokuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo liyancipha, okwenza umjikelezo womquba ube mude.Uma isilinganiso se-C/N siphansi kakhulu, ikhabhoni ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, futhi i-nitrogen eyeqile ingalahleka njenge-ammonia.Akugcini nje ngokuthinta imvelo, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle komanyolo we-nitrogen.Ama-microorganisms enza i-microbial protoplasm ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo.Iprotoplasm iqukethe 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen kanye 0. 25% phosphoric acid.Abacwaningi baphakamisa ukuthi isilinganiso esifanele se-C/N singama-20-30%.
Isilinganiso se-C/N somquba wemvelo singalungiswa ngokungeza uC noma izinto eziphezulu ze-N.Ezinye izinto, njengotshani, ukhula, amagatsha namaqabunga, aqukethe i-fiber, i-lignin ne-pectin.Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwekhabhoni/nitrogen, ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sekhabhoni ephezulu.Umquba wemfuyo nezinkukhu uphezulu ku-nitrogen futhi ungasetshenziswa njengesithako se-nitrogen esiphezulu.Isibonelo, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia nitrogen emqubeni wezingulube kuma-microorganisms angama-80%, okungakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms futhi kusheshise ukuvundisa.
Iumshini omusha we-organic fertilizer granulationifanele lesi sigaba.Izithasiselo zingangezwa ezidingweni ezahlukene lapho izinto ezingavuthiwe zingena emshinini.
Air-gelezakanye nokutholakala kwe-oxygen.
Okweukuvutshelwa komquba, kubalulekile ukuba nomoya owanele nomoya-mpilo.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen edingekayo ekukhuleni kwama-microorganisms.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesikhathi sokwenza umquba kungalawulwa ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa lenqwaba ngokusebenzisa ukugeleza komoya omusha.Ukugeleza komoya okwenyuka kungasusa umswakama ngenkathi kugcinwa izimo zokushisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu.Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele kanye ne-oxygen kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen kanye nokukhiqizwa kwephunga kumquba.
Umswakama womanyolo we-organic unomthelela ekungeneni komoya, ukusebenza kwe-microbial kanye nokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo.Kuyisici esiyinhloko sei-aerobic composting.Kudingeka silawule umswakama kanye komoya-mpilo ngokuvumelana nezici zezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze sifinyelele ukuhlanganiswa komswakama nomoya-mpilo.Ngasikhathi sinye, zombili zingathuthukisa ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms futhi zandise izimo zokuvutshelwa.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komoyampilo kukhuphuka kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-60℃, kukhula kancane ngaphezu kuka-60℃, futhi kusondele ku-zero ngaphezu kuka-70℃.Ukungenisa umoya nomoya-mpilo kufanele kulungiswe ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa ahlukene.
PH ukulawula.
Inani le-pH lithinta yonke inqubo yokuvutshelwa.Esigabeni sokuqala sokwenza umquba, i-pH izothinta umsebenzi wamagciwane.Isibonelo, i-pH=6.0 iyindawo ebalulekile yobulongwe bengulube kanye ne-sawdust.Ivimbela i-carbon dioxide kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa ku-pH <6.0.Ku-pH>6.0, i-carbon dioxide yayo nokushisa kwanda ngokushesha.Esigabeni sokushisa okuphezulu, inhlanganisela ye-pH ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kubangela ukuguquguquka kwe-ammonia.Amagciwane abola abe ama-asidi ephilayo ngomquba, owehlisa i-pH ifinyelele ku-5.0.Ama-asidi e-organic ashintshashintshayo ayahwamuka njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuguguleka kwe-ammonia nge-organic matter kukhulisa inani le-pH.Ekugcineni, lizinza ezingeni eliphezulu.Izinga eliphezulu lokwenza umquba lingafinyelelwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okwenza umquba amanani e-pH asukela ku-7.5 kuya ku-8.5.I-pH ephezulu ingabangela nokushintshashintsha kwe-ammonia kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-pH ingancishiswa ngokungeza i-alum ne-phosphoric acid.
Ngamafuphi, akulula ukulawula ukusebenza kahle nokucophelelaukuvutshelwa kwezinto eziphilayo.Ngesithako esisodwa, lokhu kulula uma kuqhathaniswa.Kodwa-ke, izinto ezihlukene ziyasebenzisana futhi zivimbelana.Ukuze uthole ukufezeka okuphelele kwezimo zokuvundisa, kuyadingeka ukubambisana nenqubo ngayinye.Lapho izimo zokulawula zifanelekile, ukuvutshelwa kungaqhubeka kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kubeke isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwehigh quality umanyolo eziphilayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021