Ukwenza umquba wezikelemu kuyindlela ebalulekile yokungabi nangozi, ukunciphisa, kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza yezolimo.Izikelemu zingadla imfucumfucu eqinile efana notshani, ubulongwe bemfuyo, udaka lwasemadolobheni, njll., ezingaxazululi ngempumelelo inkinga yokungcoliswa kwemvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi ziguqule udoti ube umcebo futhi ukhiqize izinzuzo ezinkulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinde yakha i-ecosystem yezolimo esezingeni.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa komquba omusha wezikelemu zomhlabathi ekukhiqizeni umanyolo, kubhekwa ukuthi ingxube yemfuyo kanye nobulongwe benkukhu izosetshenziselwa ukuthwala izifo nezilokazane zezinambuzane ezitshalweni futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwezitshalo.Lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa okuthile kokuvutshelwa komquba wezikelemu ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa komanyolo oyisisekelo.
Kubhekiselwa ezintweni eziphilayo ezinekhabhoni ezitholakala ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni kanye/noma ezilwaneni futhi ezivutshiwe futhi zibole.Umsebenzi wabo ukuthuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi, ukuhlinzeka ngokudla kwezitshalo, nokwenza ngcono izinga lezitshalo.Ilungele umanyolo wemvelo owenziwe ngomanyolo wemfuyo nezinkukhu, izinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo kanye nemikhiqizo yezilwane nezitshalo njengezinto ezingavuthiwe, nangemuva kokuvutshelwa nokubola.
Amareferensi e-inthanethi akhombisa ukuthi ubulongwe bezilwane obuhlukene kufanele bufakwe nokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwezinto zokulungisa ikhabhoni ngenxa yezilinganiso zabo ezihlukene ze-carbon-nitrogen.Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen sokuvutshelwa singama-25-35.
Isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen somquba wemfuyo nezinkukhu ezivela ezifundeni ezahlukene kanye nokudla okuhlukene nakho kuzohluka.Kudingeka ukulungisa isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen ukuze inqwaba ibole ngokuvumelana nezimo zesifunda ngasinye kanye nesilinganiso sangempela se-carbon-nitrogen yomquba.
Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-earthworm organic fertilizer:
Ubulongwe bezikelemu bomhlaba busetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulungiswa kwemvelo ukuze kufezeke inhloso yokuguqula imfucuza ibe umcebo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokugaywa kabusha.
Ubulongwe bezikelemu bomhlaba bunezinto ezibonakalayo ezinhle, njengokukhulula umoya, ukugcina umswakama ofanele, kanye nekhono lokumunca nokuthutha izinto eziphilayo ezizungezile.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-vermicompost inothile ngama-microorganisms, inomphumela othile ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi, futhi ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo.Ukusetshenziswa komquba wezikelemu ekuthuthukisweni komanyolo wesisekelo sezitshalo akukwazi nje ukuletha izinzuzo ezinhle kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwenhlabathi futhi kuzuze umphumela wokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinsiza.
Inqubo yokukhiqizwa komanyolo we-earthworm organic fertilizer:
Ukuvutshelwa→ukuchotshozwa→ukugoqa nokuxuba→imbudumbudu→ukoma→ukupholisa→ukuhlola→ukupakisha nokugcina.
1. Ukuvutshelwa
Ukuvutshelwa okwanele kuyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa komanyolo wezinga eliphezulu.Umshini ophendula inqwaba ubona ukuvutshelwa okuphelele kanye nokwenza umquba, futhi ukwazi ukubona ukuphenduka kwenqwaba ephezulu nokuvutshelwa, okuthuthukisa isivinini sokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic.
2. Gcoba
I-grinder isetshenziswa kakhulu enqubweni yokukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo, futhi inomphumela omuhle wokuchoboza ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezimanzi njengomanyolo wenkukhu kanye nodaka.
3. Hlanganisa
Ngemva kokuba impahla eluhlaza isichotshoziwe, ihlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezisizayo ngokulinganayo bese igaywa.
4. Imbudumbudu
Inqubo ye-granulation iyingxenye eyinhloko yomugqa wokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic.I-organic fertilizer granulator ifinyelela umcucu ofanayo wekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuxuba okuqhubekayo, ukushayisana, inlay, spheroidization, granulation, kanye nokuminyana.
5. Ukomisa nokupholisa
Isomisi sezigubhu senza impahla ukuthintana ngokugcwele nomoya oshisayo futhi sinciphise umswakama wezinhlayiya.
Ngenkathi inciphisa izinga lokushisa lama-pellets, isipholile sezigubhu sinciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuma-pellets futhi, futhi cishe u-3% wamanzi angasuswa ngenqubo yokupholisa.
6. Ukuhlola
Ngemuva kokupholisa, zonke izimpushana nezinhlayiya ezingafanelekile zingahlolwa ngomshini wokuhlunga imigqomo.
7. Ukupakisha
Lena inqubo yokugcina yokukhiqiza.Umshini wokupakisha owumthamo ozenzakalelayo ungakala, uwuthuthe futhi uvale isikhwama ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Isingeniso semishini eyinhloko yomugqa wokukhiqiza umanyolo we-earthworm:
1. Imishini yokuvubela: umshini wokujika wohlobo lwe-trough, umshini wokujika wohlobo lwe-crawler, umshini wokujika we-chain plate kanye nokujikijela
2. Imishini ye-Crusher: i-semi-wet material crusher, i-crusher eqondile
3. Imishini yokuhlanganisa: i-mixer enezingqimba, i-pan mixer
4. Imishini yokuhlola: umshini wokuhlola izigubhu
5. Imishini ye-Granulator: i-granulator yezinyo enyakazayo, i-disc granulator, i-extrusion granulator, i-drum granulator
6. Imishini yokomisa: isomisi sezigubhu
7. Imishini yokupholisa: isigubhu esipholile
8. Imishini yokusiza: isihlukanisi esiqinile-uketshezi, isiphakeli sobuningi, umshini wokupakisha othomathikhi womthamo, isihambisi sebhande.
Inqubo yokuvutshelwa komquba wezikelemu ilawulwa kakhulu yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:
Okuqukethwe umswakama
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yokwenza umquba ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba, inani lamanzi esigabeni sokuqala sokuvundisa kufanele ligcinwe ku-50-60%.Ngemuva kwalokho, umswakama ugcinwa ku-40% kuya ku-50%.Empeleni, awekho amaconsi amanzi angavuza.Ngemuva kokuvutshelwa, umswakama wezinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele ulawulwe ngaphansi kwama-30%.Uma umswakama uphezulu, kufanele yomiswe ku-80°C.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa
Izinga lokushisa liwumphumela womsebenzi we-microbial.Ukupakisha kungenye indlela yokulawula izinga lokushisa.Ngokuguqula isitaki, izinga lokushisa lesitaki lingalawulwa ngempumelelo ukuze kwandiswe ukuhwamuka kwamanzi futhi kuvumele umoya omusha ukuthi ungene esitakini.Ngokuphenduka njalo, izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu sokuvutshelwa kungalawulwa ngempumelelo.
Isilinganiso se-carbon ne-nitrogen
Ikhabhoni efanele kanye ne-nitrogen kungakhuthaza ukuvubela okushelelayo komquba.Ama-microorganisms enza i-microbial protoplasm kunqubo ye-organic fermentation.Abacwaningi batusa i-compost efanelekile engu-C/N ka-20-30%.
I-carbon to nitrogen ratio yomquba wemvelo ingalungiswa ngokungeza izinto ezinekhabhoni ephezulu noma ezinenitrogen ephezulu.Ezinye izinto ezinjengotshani, ukhula, amagatsha afile namaqabunga angasetshenziswa njengezithasiselo ezinekhabhoni ephezulu.Ingakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms futhi isheshise ukuvuthwa komquba.
Ukulawulwa kwe-pH
Inani le-pH lithinta yonke inqubo yokuvutshelwa.Esigabeni sokuqala sokwenza umquba, inani le-pH lizothinta umsebenzi wamagciwane.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ingxenye yedatha kulesi sihloko ivela ku-inthanethi futhi ingeyereferensi kuphela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-28-2021