Ukuvutshelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-organic kuyingxenye eyisisekelo futhi ewumgogodla wenqubo yokukhiqiza kamanyolo we-organic, futhi kuthinta ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yekhwalithi kamanyolo we-organic, ukuvutshelwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe empeleni kungukuhlangana kwemvelo nebhayoloji. izici zezinto zokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo yokuvutshelwa iyasebenzisana futhi ikhuthazwa ngokuvumelana.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene zixutshwa ndawonye, ngenxa yezakhiwo ezihlukene, izinga lokubola nalo lihlukile.
Silawula inqubo yokuvutshelwa ikakhulukazi kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
Okuqukethwe umswakama.
Isilinganiso samanzi esilinganiselwe sokwenza umquba wezinto ezingavuthiwe lapho kwenziwa umquba singama-40% kuya ku-70%, kanti amanzi afaneleka kakhulu angama-60-70% ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yokwenza umquba.Umswakama ophezulu noma ophansi wezinto ezibonakalayo uzophazamisa ukusebenza kwama-microorganisms e-aerobic futhi udinga ukulungiswa ukuze kutholakale umswakama ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa.Lapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi okubalulekile kungaphansi kuka-60%, izinga lokushisa lihamba kancane futhi ukubola okuphansi kubi.Umswakamo ongaphezu kuka-70% uthinta ukungeniswa komoya ukuze wenze ukuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic ukushisa okunensayo komphumela wokubola awulungile.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amanzi ezindundumeni zomquba angakhuthaza ukubola nokuzinza komquba phakathi nezigaba ezisebenzayo kakhulu zezinambuzane.Umthamo wamanzi kufanele ugcinwe ku-50-60% ekuqaleni kokuvundisa.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umswakama uhlala kumaphesenti angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 futhi ngokomthetho awekho amaconsi amanzi angaphuma.Ngemuva kokuvutshelwa, umswakama wezinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele ulawulwe ngaphansi kwama-30%, uma okuqukethwe kwamanzi kuphezulu kufanele kube ukomiswa okungu-80degrees C.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa.
Izinga lokushisa liwumphumela womsebenzi we-microbial.Inquma ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.Emazingeni okushisa okuqala angama-30 kuya ku-50 degrees Celsius, ama-microorganisms aphethwe ukushisa℃ ehlisa inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo futhi aphule ngokushesha i-cellulose ngesikhathi esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela akhuthaze ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomquba.Izinga lokushisa elilungile ngu-55 kuya ku-60 degreesCelsius.Ukushisa okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukubulala amagciwane, amaqanda, imbewu yokhula nezinye izinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi.Bulala izinto eziyingozi amahora, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu angu-55° C, 65℃, degrees C, no-70 degrees C. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-3 ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokushisa.
Sike sasho phambilini ukuthi umswakama omningi uyisici esithinta izinga lokushisa lomquba.Amanzi amaningi azokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomquba, ukulungisa umswakama kusiza ekufudumaleni komquba sekwephuzile.Kungenzeka futhi ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ngokukhuphula umswakama ukuze ugweme ukushisa okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuvundisa.
Ukuguqula inqwaba kungenye indlela yokulawula izinga lokushisa.Ngokuphenyisisa inqwaba kungalawula ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa le-reactor ukwandisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ukuze umoya omusha ungene enqwabeni.I-dumper yokuhamba iyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba lenqwaba.Inezici zokusebenza okulula kanye nentengo enhle nokusebenza okuhle.Izinga lokushisa lokuvutshelwa kanye nesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu kungalawulwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokulahla njalo.
Isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen.
I-carbon nitrogen efanele ingakhuthaza ukuvubela okushelelayo komquba.Uma isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen siphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo liyahamba kancane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kanye nomkhawulo wendawo yokukhula, okuholela esikhathini eside sokwenza umquba.Uma isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen siphansi kakhulu-ikhabhoni ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, i-nitrogen eyeqile ngendlela yokulahleka kwe-ammonia.Akuthinti nje imvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle komanyolo we-nitrogen.Ama-microorganisms enza inzalo ye-microbial ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kwe-organic.Inzalo iqukethe 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen kanye 0. 25% phosphoric acid.Abacwaningi batusa umquba ofanelekile ongu-C/N wama-20-30%.
I-carbon-nitrogen ratio ye-organic compost ingalawulwa ngokungeza ikhabhoni ephezulu noma i-nitrogen.Ezinye izinto, njengotshani, ukhula, amagatsha afile namaqabunga, aqukethe i-fiber, i-ligand ne-pectin.Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwekhabhoni/nitrogen, ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sekhabhoni ephezulu.Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen kumanyolo wezilwane nezinkukhu kungasetshenziswa njengesithako se-nitrogen ephezulu.Isibonelo, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia nitrogen emqubeni wezingulube yi-80% yezilwanyana ezincane, ezingakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane futhi kusheshise ukubola komquba.
Ukungena komoya kanye nokutholakala kwe-oxygen.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomoya owanele kanye ne-oxygen eyanele yokuvubela umquba.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka nge-oxygen edingekayo ekukhuleni kwama-microorganisms.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesikhathi sokuvela komquba kulawulwa ngokulawula ukungena komoya ukuze kulawule izinga lokushisa lomquba.Ukwengeza umoya wokungenisa umoya ngenkathi ugcina izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu kususa umswakama.Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele kanye ne-oxygen kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen kanye nokukhiqizwa kwephunga kumquba.
Umswakama womanyolo we-organic unomthelela ekuphefumuleni, ukusebenza kwe-microbial kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen.Kuyisici esibalulekile ekwenzeni umquba we-aerobic.Kudingeka ukulawula umswakama kanye nokukhipha umoya ngokusho kwezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukufeza ukuxhumanisa kwamanzi nomoya-mpilo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kokubili, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-microbial kanye nokuzala ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimo zokuvutshelwa.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo kukhula kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-60 degrees C, kancane kancane ku-60 degrees C noma ngaphezulu, futhi eduze no-0 ngaphezu kwama-70 degrees C. Inani lokungenisa umoya nomoya kufanele lilungiswe ngokuvumelana nezinga lokushisa elihlukile.
Ukulawulwa kwe-pH.
I-pH ithinta yonke inqubo yokuvutshelwa.Ezigabeni zokuqala zokwenziwa komquba, i-pH ithinta ukusebenza kwamagciwane.Isibonelo, i-pH?6.0 iyiphuzu elibalulekile kumquba wezingulube kanye ne-sawdust.Ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-carbon dioxide nokushisa ku-pH slt;6.0.Kumanani angu-PH angu-6.0, i-CO2 yayo nokushisa kukhuphuka ngokushesha.Uma ungena esigabeni sokushisa esiphezulu, isenzo esihlangene se-pH ephezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kubangela i-ammonia volaten.Amagciwane aphula ama-asidi aphilayo ngomquba, ehlise i-pH ibe cishe ku-5. Ama-asidi aphilayo angahwamuka njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuguguleka kwe-ammonia nge-organic matter kwandisa i-pH.Ekugcineni iyazinza ezingeni eliphezulu.Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu omquba, i-pH esuka ku-7.5 kuya ku-8.5 ingafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokuvundisa.I-pH ephezulu kakhulu ingabangela ukuguquguquka kwe-ammonia kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukunciphisa i-pH ngokungeza i-alum ne-phosphoric acid.
Ngamafuphi, ukulawula ukuvutshelwa okusebenzayo nokuphelele kwezinto ezingavuthiwe akulula.Lokhu kulula uma kuqhathaniswa nempahla eyodwa eluhlaza.Kodwa-ke, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene ziyasebenzisana futhi zivimbelene.Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezimo zokuvundisa, ukubambisana kwenqubo ngayinye kuyadingeka.Lapho izimo zokulawula zifanelekile, ukuvutshelwa kwenziwa kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kubeka isisekelo sokukhiqizwa komanyolo wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2020