Imfucuza yokudla ibilokhu ikhula njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni likhula futhi namadolobha akhula ngosayizi.Izigidi zamathani okudla ziphonswa ezindaweni zokulahla udoti emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka.Cishe u-30% wezithelo zomhlaba wonke, imifino, okusanhlamvu, inyama kanye nokudla okupakishiwe kulahlwa minyaka yonke.Ukulahlwa kokudla sekuyinkinga enkulu yemvelo kuwo wonke amazwe.Inqwaba yemfucumfucu yokudla idala ukungcola okukhulu, okulimaza umoya, amanzi, inhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfucumfucu yokudla ibhidliza i-anaerobicly ukuze ikhiqize amagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-methane, i-carbon dioxide kanye nokunye ukukhishwa okuyingozi.Imfucumfucu yokudla ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,3 zamagesi abamba ukushisa.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfucuza yokudla ilahlwa ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu ezithatha indawo enkulu, ekhiqiza igesi yokulahla udoti kanye nothuli oluntantayo.Uma imfucumfucu ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokulahlwa kukadoti ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, izodala ukungcoliswa kwesibili, ukungcoliswa komhlaba kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukushiswa nokulahlwa kwemfucuza kunezimo ezimbi kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kokulahlwa kokudla kuzoba nomthelela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo evuselelekayo.
Indlela imfucuza yokudla ekhiqizwa ngayo ibe ngumanyolo ophilayo.
Izithelo, imifino, imikhiqizo yobisi, okusanhlamvu, isinkwa, amabala ekhofi, amagobolondo amaqanda, inyama namaphephandaba konke kungavundiswa.Imfucuza yokudla iyi-ejenti eyingqayizivele yokwenza umquba engumthombo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo.Udoti wokudla uhlanganisa izakhi zamakhemikhali ezifana nesitashi, i-cellulose, amaprotheni lipids nosawoti we-inorganic, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ezifana,,,,,, N,P,,, K,Ca,Mg,Fe,K, njll. Imfucuza yokudla iphelile kuya ku-85% ongaboli.Inezici zokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-organic, okuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi kanye nezakhamzimba eziningi, futhi inenani eliphezulu lokugaywa kabusha.Ngenxa yokuthi imfucumfucu yokudla inezici zokuqukethwe okuphezulu komswakama kanye nesakhiwo somzimba esiminyana esincane, kubalulekile ukuxuba imfucuza yokudla okusha ne-ejenti yokukhukhumeza, emunca amanzi amaningi futhi yengeze isakhiwo ukuze kuxutshwe.
Imfucumfucu yokudla inamazinga aphezulu ezinto eziphilayo, kanti amaprotheni angcolile angu-15% - 23%, amafutha angu-17% - 24%, amaminerali angu-3% - 5%, iCa 54%, i-sodium chloride engu-3% - 4%. njll.
Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nemishini ehlobene yokuguqulwa kwemfucuza yokudla ibe ngumanyolo we-organic.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yokulahla imfucuza idala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.Njengamanje, amanye amazwe athuthukile asesungule uhlelo oluqinile lokuhlanza imfucumfucu yokudla.EJalimane, isibonelo, imfucuza yokudla iphathwa ikakhulukazi ngokwenza umquba kanye nokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic, kukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezi-5 kamanyolo wemvelo emfucumfucwini yokudla unyaka ngamunye.Ngokufaka umquba wokulahlwa kokudla e-UK, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 we-CO2 ekhishwayo angancishiswa unyaka ngamunye.Ukwenza umquba kusetshenziswa cishe ku-95% wamadolobha ase-US.Ukwenza umquba kungaletha izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, kuhlanganise nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho zinkulu.
Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Amanzi ayingxenye eyisisekelo yemfucuza yokudla ebalelwa ku-70% -90%, iyimbangela yekhwalithi yokulahlwa kokudla.Ngakho-ke, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyisixhumanisi esibaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yokuguqula imfucuza yokudla ibe umanyolo wemvelo.
Idivaysi yokwelapha imfucuza yokudla iyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwelapha udoti wokudla.Ihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko: umshini wokukhipha amanzi we-oblique we-sieve, i-splitter, uhlelo lokuhlukanisa okuzenzakalelayo, isihlukanisi esiqinile se-liquid, isihlukanisi samafutha namanzi, ithangi lokuvutshelwa.
Inqubo eyisisekelo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo:.
1. Imfucuza yokudla kufanele iphelelwe amanzi kuqala ngoba iqukethe amanzi amaningi.
2. Ukususwa kwemfucuza engaboli emfucumfucwini yokudla, njengezinsimbi, ukhuni, amapulasitiki, amaphepha, izindwangu, njll., ngokuhlunga.
3. Imfucumfucu yokudla iyakhethwa bese ifakwa kusihlukanisi esiwuketshezi esivunguzayo ukuze sichotshozwe, siphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni futhi sikhiphe amafutha.
4. Izinsalela zokudla ezikhanyiwe zomiswa futhi zifakwe inzalo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze zisuse umswakama owedlulele kanye nama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene e-pathogenic.Ukucoleka kanye nokoma kwemfucumfucu yokudla edingekayo ekwenzeni umquba, kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla, kungaphakelwa ngqo ethangini lokuvubela ngokusebenzisa isithuthi sebhande.
5. Amanzi akhishwe emfucumfucwini yokudla ayingxube yamafutha namanzi, ahlukaniswe isihlukanisi samanzi samafutha.Amafutha ahlukanisiwe acutshungulwa ajule ukuze athole i-biodiesel noma uwoyela wezimboni.
Idivayisi inezinzuzo zokukhipha okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuphephile, izindleko eziphansi kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza.Ngokuphathwa okungenangozi kwezinsiza ezincishisiwe kanye nokusaphazwa kokudla, ukungcoliswa kwesibili okubangelwa ukulahlwa kokudla ohlelweni lokuthutha kuyagwenywa.Kunamamodeli amaningi ongakhetha kuwo embonini yethu, afana no-500kg/h, 1t/h, 3t/h, 5t/h, 10t/h, njll.
Umquba.
Ithangi lokuvutshelwa liwuhlobo lwethangi lokuvutshelwa elivaleke ngokuphelele lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic obushisa kakhulu, obungena esikhundleni sobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokwenza umquba.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elivaliwe kanye nenqubo yokwenza umquba esheshayo ethangini ikhiqiza umquba wekhwalithi ephezulu, ongalawulwa ngokunembile, ubole ngokushesha futhi izinga lomkhiqizo uzinzile.
Umquba osesitsheni uhlukaniswa ngokushisa, futhi ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuvundisa kubalulekile.Ngokugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile lomsebenzi we-microbial, i-organic matter ingabola ngokushesha futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme livale inzalo, amaqanda nembewu yokhula kungafinyelelwa kanyekanye.Ukuvutshelwa kuqala ngama-microorganisms avela ngokwemvelo emfucumfucwini yokudla adiliza izinto zokwenza umquba, akhiphe imisoco, akhuphule izinga lokushisa libe ngu-60-70 degrees C odingekayo ukuze kubulawe imbewu ebangelwa amagciwane, futhi ahambisane nemithethonqubo yokwelapha imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo.Imfucuza yokudla ingavundiswa ngezinsuku ezi-4 kuphela kusetshenziswa amathangi okuvutshelwa.Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4-7 kuphela, umquba ubola kahle futhi ukhishwe, futhi umquba obolile awunaphunga futhi ukhishwa amagciwane ukuze unothe ngebhalansi yezakhi eziphilayo.Lokhu kukhiqizwa komquba okungenamsoco, oyinyumba, akugcini nje ngokugcina indawo yokulahla udoti ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo, kodwa futhi kuzoletha izinzuzo ezithile kwezomnotho.
I-Granulation.
Umanyolo we-organic particle uthatha isikhundla esibalulekile emakethe kamanyolo emhlabeni jikelele.Isihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa umthamo wokukhiqiza kamanyolo we-organic ukukhetha umshini ofanele we-organic fertilizer granulation.I-Granulation iyinqubo yokwenza izinhlayiya ezincane zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphilayo, ezingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziphilayo ukuze kuvinjwe amabhlogo ekwandeni kokuhamba, ukuze izicelo zevolumu encane zibe lula ukulayisha, ukuthutha nokunye.Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingakhiwa zibe umanyolo wemvelo oyindilinga ngokusebenzisa indlela yethu yokuhlanganisa umanyolo we-organic.Amazinga wezinto ezibonakalayo angafinyelela ku-100% futhi okuqukethwe kwe-organic kungafinyelela ku-100%.
Ekulimeni kwezinga elikhulu, imbudumbudu yokusetshenziswa kwemakethe ibalulekile.Imishini yethu ingakhiqiza umanyolo ophilayo we-0.5mm-1.3mm,, 1.3mm-3mm,, 2mm-5mm ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.I-granulation kamanyolo we-organic inikeza ezinye zezindlela ezingenzeka kakhulu zokuxuba amaminerali ukuze kukhiqizwe umanyolo ohlukahlukene onomsoco, okuvumela amanani amakhulu ukuthi agcinwe futhi ahlanganiswe ukuze kube lula ukuhweba nokusebenzisa.Umanyolo we-organic granular kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwephunga elimnandi, imbewu yokhula kanye namagciwane, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwaziwa kahle.Uma kuqhathaniswa nemfucuza yezilwane, Okuqukethwe kwabo kwe-nitrogen N izikhathi ezingu-4.3 kunezokuqala, okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus P2O5 izikhathi ezingu-4 kunezokugcina, kanti okuqukethwe kwe-potassium K2O izikhathi ezingu-8.2 zamuva.Umanyolo wezinhlayiya we-organic uthuthukisa ukukhiqiza komhlabathi, umhlabathi obonakalayo, amakhemikhali, izakhiwo ze-microbiological kanye nomswakama, umoya nokushisa ngokukhuphula izinga le-humus, kuyilapho ukwandisa isivuno sezitshalo.
Yomile futhi ipholile.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo, kokubili okomisa okomisa nokupholisa kuyasetshenziswa ngokuhlangana.Ukunciphisa umswakama wezinhlayiya zikamanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kanye nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lezinhlayiya ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokuqeda inzalo.Lezi zinyathelo ezimbili zinciphisa ukulahleka kwezakhi kumanyolo we-organic ukwenza izinhlayiya zifane futhi zibushelelezi.
Hlunga iphakheji.
Inqubo yokuhlola yenziwa yi-roller sieve subsecond ukuze kuhlungwe izinhlayiya ezingavumelani.Izinhlayiya ezingavumelani zizothuthwa umthumeli ziyiswe ku-blender ukuze zicutshungulwe kabusha, futhi umanyolo we-organic ofanelekayo uzopakishwa ngomshini wokupakisha othomathikhi.
Zuza kumanyolo ophilayo ekudleni.
Ukuguqula imfucuza yokudla ibe umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kungakha izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo ezingathuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi futhi kusize ukunciphisa ukuguguleka nokuthuthukisa izinga lamanzi.Igesi yemvelo evuselelekayo kanye nama-biofuels kungabuye kukhiqizwe emfucumfucwini egaywe kabusha yokudla, engasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa nokuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Umanyolo we-organic ungumsoco ongcono kakhulu womhlabathi futhi unezinzuzo eziningi emhlabathini.Iwumthombo omuhle wokudla kwezitshalo, okuhlanganisa i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium nama-micronutrients, okudingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.Ingakwazi futhi ukulawula ezinye izilokazane zezitshalo nezifo, kodwa futhi inciphise isidingo sezinhlobonhlobo zama-fungicides namakhemikhali.Izivundisi zemvelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zizosetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokubukiswa kwezimbali kwezolimo, amapulazi kanye nezindawo zomphakathi, okuzophinde kulethe izinzuzo eziqondile zezomnotho kubakhiqizi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2020