IPhalamende lase-Indonesia laphasisa uMthethosivivinywa oyingqophamlando Wokuvikela Abalimi Nokunika Amandla.
Ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba kanye nomshwalense wezolimo yizinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ezibekwe eqhulwini kulo mthetho omusha, ozoqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi banomhlaba, uthuthukise umdlandla wabalimi ngokukhiqiza ezolimo futhi ukhuthaze ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo.
I-Indonesia iyisifunda esikhulu nesinabantu abaningi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinethezekile kanye nendawo enhle kakhulu.Inothe ngowoyela, amaminerali, izingodo kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo.Ezolimo bezilokhu ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesakhiwo somnotho sase-Indonesia.Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule i-GDP yase-Indonesia yayingamaphesenti angama-45 esamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya.Ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo manje sekubalela cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 e-GDP.Ngenxa yobuncane bamapulazi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezolimo okudinga abasebenzi abaningi, kunokugcizelela okukhulayo ekwandiseni isivuno sezitshalo nokunciphisa izindleko, futhi abalimi bakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-organic.Eminyakeni yamuva, umanyolo we-organic ubonise ngokugcwele amandla awo amakhulu emakethe.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe.
I-Indonesia inezimo zemvelo ezinhle kakhulu zezolimo, kodwa isangenisa ukudla okuningi kwamanye amazwe minyaka yonke.Ukusalela emuva kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ezolimo kanye nokusebenza okubanzi yizizathu ezibalulekile.Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Belt and Road, ukusebenzisana kwe-Indonesia kwesayensi yezolimo nobuchwepheshe neChina kuzongena enkathini yezindawo ezingapheli.
Guqula imfucuza ibe yingcebo.
Icebile ngezinto ezingavuthiwe eziphilayo.
Ngokuvamile, umanyolo ophilayo uvela ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni, njengomanyolo wemfuyo nezinsalela zezitshalo.E-Indonesia, imboni yokulima ikhula ngokushesha, ibalwa ku-90% wesamba sezolimo kanye ne-10% yemboni yemfuyo.Izitshalo zemali eziyinhloko e-Indonesia irabha, ukhukhunathi, izihlahla zesundu, ukhokho, ikhofi nezinongo.Bakhiqiza kakhulu minyaka yonke e-Indonesia.Ilayisi, isibonelo, lalingumkhiqizi werayisi wesithathu ngobukhulu ngo-2014, likhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-70.6.Ukukhiqizwa kwelayisi kubala ingxenye ebalulekile ye-GROSS yase-Indonesia, futhi ukukhiqizwa kuyanda unyaka nonyaka.Ukulinywa kwelayisi kuzo zonke iziqhingi cishe kungamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-10.Ngaphezu kwerayisi, ukudla okuncane kwesoya kwenza u-75% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, okwenza i-Indonesia ibe umkhiqizi omkhulu wekhadiamom elincane emhlabeni.Njengoba i-Indonesia iyizwe elikhulu lezolimo, akungabazeki ukuthi inenala yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo.
Sika utshani.
I-Crop straw iyi-organic material eluhlaza yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-organic material eluhlaza esetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhizinisi okukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic.Imfucuza yezitshalo ingaqoqwa kalula ngesisekelo sokutshala okubanzi.I-Indonesia inamathani angaba ngu-67 wezigidi zotshani ngonyaka.I-inventory ye-corn terminal ngo-2013 yayingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.6, ephakeme kancane kunangonyaka odlule amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.5.Empeleni, ukusetshenziswa kotshani bezitshalo e-Indonesia kuphansi.
Imfucuza yesundu.
Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela wesundu e-Indonesia cishe sekuphindeke kathathu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule.Indawo yokulima izihlahla zesundu iyakhula, ukukhiqizwa kuyanda, futhi kunamandla athile okukhula.Kodwa bangayisebenzisa kanjani kangcono imfucumfucu yezihlahla zesundu?Ngamanye amazwi, ohulumeni nabalimi kudingeka bathole indlela engcono kakhulu yokulahla imfucumfucu yamafutha esundu futhi bayenze ibe into eyigugu.Mhlawumbe zizokwenziwa zibe uphethiloli oyimbudumbudu, noma zizovutshelwa ngokugcwele zibe umanyolo oyimpuphu othengiswayo.Kusho ukushintsha imfucuza ibe ingcebo.
Igobolondo likakhukhunathi.
I-Indonesia inothe ngokhukhunathi futhi ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhukhunathi.Ukukhiqizwa ngo-2013 kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-18.3.Igobolondo likakhukhunathi for imfucuza, ngokuvamile low nitrogen okuqukethwe, kodwa potassium high, okuqukethwe Silikoni, carbon nitrogen kuqhathaniswa high, kuyinto engcono organic izinto zokusetshenziswa.Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwamagobolondo kakhukhunathi akukwazi nje ukusiza abalimi ukuxazulula izinkinga zemfucuza, kodwa futhi basebenzise ngokugcwele izinsiza zokulahlwa ukuze bahumushele izinzuzo zezomnotho.
Indle yezilwane.
Eminyakeni yamuva i-Indonesia izibophezele ekuthuthukiseni imboni yemfuyo nezinkukhu.Isibalo sezinkomo sikhule sisuka ku-6.5 million saya ku-11.6 million.Inani lezingulube lenyuka lisuka ku-3.23 million laya ku-8.72 million.Izinkukhu ziyizigidi ezingama-640.Ngokukhula kwesibalo semfuyo nezinkukhu, isibalo semfuyo kanye nobulongwe bezinkukhu sikhule ngendlela emangalisayo.Sonke siyazi ukuthi imfucuza yezilwane iqukethe imisoco eminingi enomthelela empilweni nasekukhuleni ngokushesha kwezitshalo.Kodwa-ke, uma ilawulwa kabi, imfucumfucu yezilwane idala usongo emvelweni nempilo yabantu.Uma umquba ungaphelele, awuzilungele izitshalo, futhi ungase ulimaze nokukhula kwezitshalo.Okubaluleke kakhulu, kuyenzeka futhi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele umquba wemfuyo nezinkukhu e-Indonesia.
Kusukela kulesi sifinyezo esingenhla, kuyabonakala ukuthi ezolimo ziwusekelo oluqinile lomnotho kazwelonke wase-Indonesia.Ngakho-ke, kokubili umanyolo we-organic kanye nomanyolo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ikhwalithi kanye nenani lezitshalo.Khiqiza inqwaba yotshani bezitshalo unyaka ngamunye, okubuye kunikeze insada yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo.
Uyiguqula kanjani le mfucumfucu ibe ngumanyolo wemvelo obalulekile?
Ngenhlanhla, manje sekunezixazululo ezifanele zokubhekana nalezi mfucumfucu zemvelo (imfucuza yamafutha esundu, utshani bezitshalo, amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, imfucumfucu yezilwane) ukuze kukhiqizwe umanyolo wemvelo nokuthuthukisa umhlabathi.
Lapha sikuhlinzeka ngendlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokulahla imfucuza yemvelo - ukusetshenziswa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic ukwelapha kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza yemvelo, hhayi nje ukunciphisa ingcindezi endaweni ezungezile, kodwa futhi ukuguqula imfucuza ibe umcebo.
Umugqa wokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic.
Vikela imvelo.
Abakhiqizi bakamanyolo we-organic bangakwazi ukuguqula imfucumfucu ibe ngumanyolo we-organic, hhayi nje ukulawula imisoco kamanyolo kalula, kodwa futhi ukukhiqiza umanyolo owomile we-granular organic wokupakisha, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha kanye nokumaketha.Akukho ukuphika ukuthi umanyolo we-organic unomsoco ophelele futhi olinganiselayo kanye nomphumela womanyolo ohlala isikhathi eside.Uma kuqhathaniswa nomanyolo, umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo unezinzuzo ezingenakushintshwa, ezingakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nekhwalithi, kodwa futhi unikeze izakhi ezitshalweni, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo eziphilayo, eziluhlaza kanye nezingenakungcola.
Dala izinzuzo zezomnotho.
Abakhiqizi bakamanyolo we-organic bangenza inzuzo enkulu.Umanyolo we-organic unethuba lemakethe elibanzi ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo ezingenakuqhathaniswa zokungangcolisi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-organic kanye nenani eliphezulu lokudla okunempilo.Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezolimo zemvelo kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sokudla okuphilayo, isidingo sikamanyolo we-organic sizokhula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2020