Okokuqala umquba wenkukhu eluhlaza awulingani nomanyolo wemvelo.Umanyolo we-organic usho utshani, ikhekhe, umquba wezilwane nezinkukhu, i-mushroom slag kanye nomunye umanyolo ocutshungulwa ngokuvutshelwa okubolayo.Ubulongwe bemfuyo buyinto eluhlaza kuphela yokukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo, futhi ungomunye we-endofof ephansi yazo zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulongwe benkukhu obumanzi noma obumanzi, ukungavutshelwa kulula ukubangela imifino ye-greenhouse, amasimu ezithelo kanye nezinye izitshalo zemali ezibhubhisa inhlekelele, kubalimi kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho.Ake siqale siqonde ubungozi bomquba wenkukhu ongakahlanzwa, futhi ekugcineni sithi kungani sicabanga ukuthi ubulongwe benkukhu eluhlaza busebenza kangcono kunobunye ubulongwe bezilwane.Amandla asebenzayo kakhudlwana?
Izinhlekelele eziyisishiyagalombili ezingabangela kalula ukusetshenziswa komquba wezinkukhu emifino eluhlaza nasezisimini zezithelo:
Izimpande ezivuthayo, izithombo ezivuthayo, izihlahla ezibhemayo, izinhlobo ezifile
Ngemva kokusebenzisa ubulongwe benkukhu obungavundisiwe kahle, faka isandla emhlabathini futhi uzwe izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi liphakeme.Ifilimu enzima noma egcwele abafileyo, lapho ukulahlekelwa kwezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali yisithombo.
Ikakhulukazi ebusika nasentwasahlobo ukusetshenziswa kwengozi yokuphepha komquba wenkukhu yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eshedini, ukuvutshelwa komquba wezinkukhu kuzokhipha ukushisa okukhulu, okuholela ekushisweni kwento yezimpande;
Ukufakwa kukasawoti enhlabathini eshedeni, ukuncishiswa kwezithelo
Iminyaka yokusetshenziswa komquba wezinkukhu, inhlabathi ishiye inani elikhulu likasawoti we-sodium chloride, isilinganiso sama-square 6 womanyolo wenkukhu wokuqukethwe kukasawoti ka-30-40 kg, kanye no-10 kg kasawoti ehektha ngalinye kuvimbele kakhulu ukugcwala komhlabathi nomsebenzi, ukwelapha umanyolo we-phosphorus. , umanyolo we-potassium, i-calcium ne-zinc iron boron manganese nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile, ukukhula kwezitshalo okungavamile, imiqumbe yezimbali, izithelo ezingavulwanga kanye nezinye izinto zokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa, okukhawulela kakhulu isivuno sezitshalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokusebenzisa umanyolo lehla, ngaphansi konyaka owodwa, izindleko zokufakwayo zenyuka ngo-50-100%;
I-Acidification yenhlabathi, ibangele izifo ezihlukahlukene zezimpande kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
Ngenxa yokuthi i-pH yomquba wezinkukhu icishe ibe ngu-4, inhlabathi ene-asidi ngokwedlulele, ene-asidi, okuholela ekulimaleni kwamakhemikhali kanye nomonakalo omkhulu esisekelweni sesiqu kanye nezicubu zezimpande, kumquba wenkukhu othwele inqwaba yamagciwane abangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane ezifo ezithwalwa umhlabathi, amagciwane ahlinzeka ngamathuba okungena kanye namathuba okutheleleka, kumswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa uma selifinyelelwe lizophuma esifweni.
Ukusetshenziswa ukuvutshelwa akukona okuphelele inkukhu umquba, kulula kakhulu ukubangela plant wilt, ophuzi, shrinkage akuyona eside, umkhiwane, ngisho nokufa;
Ukuzalanisa izimpande ifindo nematodes
Umquba wezinkukhu uyindawo yombhede kanye ne-hotbed ye-root knot nematodes, inani lamaqanda abo e-root knot nematode nge-1000 grams 100, amaqanda omquba wenkukhu achanyuselwa kalula, aphindwe kabili amashumi ezinkulungwane ngobusuku obunye, ukwenzeka kwe-nematodes emhlabathini umhlaba onomquba wezinkukhu ukhule izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-500.
Amafindo amafindo e-melon ebabayo
I-Nematodes izwela kakhulu kumakhemikhali, futhi ngemva kokuphathwa kwe-nematodes ngokushesha ithuthela ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-50 -1.5 amamitha ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze ibaleke, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyelapha.Ikakhulukazi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 ubudala, i-root knot nematodes ingenye yezingozi ezicashile ezibulala kakhulu.
Ukuletha ama-antibiotics, okuthinta ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo
Inqubo yokuzalanisa inkukhu, ukondla i-China iqukethe ama-hormone amaningi, ukuvimbela izifo kanye nokwelashwa kuzophinde kusebenzise ama-antibiotics, lezi zizolethwa emhlabathini ngomquba wezinkukhu, okuthinta ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo.
Khiqiza amagesi ayingozi, bhema izihlahla, ufe
Khiqiza amagesi ayingozi, izihlahla ezibhemayo, ama-slugs afile: umquba wezinkukhu ohlelweni lokubola ukukhiqiza i-methane, i-ammonia namanye amagesi ayingozi, ukuze inhlabathi nezitshalo zikhiqize ukulimala kwe-asidi kanye nokulimala kwezimpande, okuyingozi nakakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-ethylene evinjelwa ukukhula kwezimpande, futhi iyimbangela eyinhloko yokushiswa kwezimpande.
Iminyaka yokusetshenziswa komquba wezinkukhu, okuholela ekuntulekeni komoyampilo ohlelweni lwempande
Iminyaka yokusetshenziswa komquba wezinkukhu, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwesistimu yezimpande komoya-mpilo, ukukhula okubi, umquba wezinkukhu uphonswe emhlabathini, inqubo yokubola ukuze udle umoya-mpilo enhlabathini, ukuze inhlabathi isikhashana esimweni se-hypoxia, izokwenza isivuno. ukukhula kuvinjelwe.
Izinsimbi ezinzima zidlula izinga
Izinsimbi ezinzima zidlula izinga: umquba wenkukhu uqukethe inani eliphezulu lethusi, i-mercury, i-chromium, i-cadmium, i-lead, i-arsenic nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, kunezinsalela eziningi zama-hormone, okuholela ezinsimbi ezisindayo emikhiqizweni yezolimo yeqa izinga, ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. kanye nomhlabathi, izinto eziphilayo ku-humus isikhathi eside, ukulahlekelwa izakhi kubi kakhulu.
Kungani iqine kangaka ngobulongwe benkukhu?
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inkukhu rectal izinto, umchamo ndawonye, ngakho inkukhu umquba iqukethe 25.5% of the organic matter, iqukethe ngaphezu 60% of the organic matter is ngesimo uric acid, uric acid ukubola ngemva kokunikeza inani elikhulu izakhi nitrogen, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhilogremu ayinkulungwane omquba wezinkukhu okulingana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhilogremu angu-153 we-urea, ubuso bubukeka bemvelo bezitshalo ezinde neziqinile.Uma lokhu kwenzeka kusitshalo seqanda noma amagilebhisi esihlahla sezithelo, izifo ezinzima zomzimba zingenzeka.
Ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-nitrogen ne-trace elements of antagonism, i-urea donots kakhulu, izobangela ukumuncwa kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene zokulandelela, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga aphuzi, ukubola kwenkaba, ukuqhekeka kwezithelo, isifo se-chicken claw njalonjalo.
Sibona umquba wenkukhu awuboli umonakalo oyisishiyagalombili, qhathanisa, bheka ingadi yakho yezithelo noma yemifino, azikho izithombo ezivuthayo ezibolile isihlahla esifile, umanyolo awuncane, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi ayikhuphuki, ngisho nengxenye ende. kwabafileyo, ifindo lomhlabathi, izitokhi ezinzima nokunye isimo esibi.Umquba wezinkukhu udinga ukuvutshelwa futhi uphathwe ngendlela engenabungozi ukuze ufakwe emhlabathini!
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokusebenzayo komquba wezinkukhu
Umquba wezinkukhu ungumanyolo omuhle kakhulu wezinto eziphilayo, ocebile nge-nitrogen ehlanzekile cishe ngo-1.63%, i-phosphorus (P2O5) cishe u-1.54%, i-potassium (K2O) cishe u-0.085%, ingacutshungulwa ngemishini yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic ibe umanyolo we-organic, ngemva Umquba wezinkukhu inqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic fermentation, izinambuzane eziyingozi kanye nembewu yokhula ngokukhuphuka nokuwa kwezinga lokushisa, izoqedwa.Umugqa wokukhiqiza womanyolo wezinkukhu we-organic uhlanganisa: ukuvutshelwa, ukuchotshozwa, ukuxutshwa kwezithako, i-granulation, ukomisa, ukuhlolwa kokupholisa, ukuvalwa kwemitha, ukugcinwa komkhiqizo ophelile.
Ishadi lokugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic
Inqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic
Okokuqala, indawo eluhlaza ukwakha amathangi okuvutshelwa amane, ngalinye 40m ubude, 3m ububanzi, 1.2m ukujula, indawo evamile 700m 2;
Okwesibili, indawo eluhlaza idinga ukuthenga ujantshi omncane ongu-320m;
Okwesithathu, indawo yezwe yendawo yokukhiqiza 1400m 2;
Okwesine, indawo eluhlaza idinga ukusebenzisa abasebenzi bokukhiqiza abantu abangu-3, indawo yokukhiqiza idinga ukusebenzisa abantu abangu-20;
Okwesihlanu, indawo yempahla eluhlaza idinga ukuthenga amathani amathathu eforkliftone eyodwa.
Isingeniso semishini eyinhloko yomugqa wokukhiqiza umanyolo wenkukhu wenkukhu
1, umquba wezinkukhu izinto zokubilisa ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa komanyolo: i-slot-type dumper, i-track-type dumper, i-self-walking dumper, i-chain board-type dumper
2, okokusebenza kokushiswa komquba kamanyolo wenkukhu: i-semi-wet material shredder, i-chain shredder, i-shredder eqondile
3, umquba wezinkukhu izinto zokuhlanganisa umanyolo ophilayo: umxube ovundlile, umxube wediski
4, umquba wezinkukhu umshini wokusefa womanyolo ophilayo: umshini wesisefo we-roller, isandiso sesihluzo sokudlidliza
5, umquba wezinkukhu umshini wokugcwalisa umanyolo we-organic granulation: umshini wokuhlanganisa amazinyo, umshini we-disc granulation, umshini we-extrusion granulation, umshini we-drum granulation, umshini wokuzungeza
6, umquba wezinkukhu organic fertilizer dryer imishini: tumble dryer
7, umquba wezinkukhu umshini wokupholisa umanyolo ophilayo: umshini wokupholisa ojikelezayo
8, umanyolo wezinkukhu izinto ezisekelayo: umshini wokuphakela omningi, umshini wokukhipha amanzi ngobulongwe bengulube, umshini wokugoqa, okhipha uthuli, umshini wokupakisha ozenzakalelayo
9, umquba wezinkukhu izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuthutha umanyolo: isithuthi sebhande, isiphakamisi samabhakede.
Idizayini evamile yenqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic ihlanganisa:
1, izinhlobo ezisebenza kahle ezihlanganisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bazo bokunwetshwa;
2, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuncibilikisa impahla eluhlaza kanye nohlelo lwe-biofermentation;
3, ubuchwepheshe obungcono kakhulu befomula kamanyolo obukhethekile (bungakwazi ukuguquguquka ngokuya ngenhlabathi yendawo kanye nezici zezitshalo, inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yokwakhiwa komkhiqizo);
4, ukungcoliswa kwesibili okunengqondo (igesi yokukhipha nephunga) yokulawula ubuchwepheshe;
5, umanyolo amasethi aphelele wokuklama ubuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.
Izinyathelo zokuqapha ekukhiqizeni umanyolo we-organic womquba wezinkukhu:
Ubuhle bempahla eluhlaza:
Ukumataniswa okunengqondo kokucoleka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo.Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, ubuhle bayo yonke impahla eluhlaza kufanele ihambisane nalokhu okulandelayo: 100-60 inhloso izinto zokusetshenziswa mayelana 30% -40%, iso 60 ububanzi 1.00mm isigxobo eluhlaza mayelana 35%, ububanzi 1.00-2.00mm encane izinhlayiya ezingaba ngu-25% -30%, ukuphakama kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuphezulu, i-viscosity engcono kakhulu, iphakamisa isiphetho se-particle surface ngemva kwe-granulation.Kodwa-ke, enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kwe-super-proportion yezinto ezinembile kakhulu, kulula ukuvela ngenxa ye-viscosity enhle kakhulu okuholela ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu kakhulu, ukungahambi kahle kwezinhlayiyana nezinye izinkinga.
Izinga lokuvutshelwa komquba wenkukhu ebolayo (bamba insanyana yezinto ezibonakalayo, umhlaba bese uhlakaza)
Umquba wezinkukhu kufanele uphekwe kahle ngaphambi kokufaka, ukuba khona kwezimuncagazi emqubeni wezinkukhu namaqanda azo, , kanye namagciwane athathelwanayo ngenqubo yokubola (cocite) ukuze angasebenzi, ngemva kokubola okugcwele, umquba wezinkukhu uzoba umanyolo oyisisekelo wezinga eliphezulu. zokutshala izitshalo.
1. Ukubola
Ngesikhathi esifanayo nalaba abathathu abalandelayo, ungakwazi ukwahlulela ngokujwayelekile ukuthi ubulongwe benkukhu buvutshelwe kahle.
1. Ngokuyisisekelo ayikwazi ukuhogela;2. Kukhona i-mycelium emhlophe;3. umquba wenkukhu ube yisimo esixegayo.
Isikhathi sokubola ngokuvamile siwukuthi: izimo zemvelo ngokuvamile zihlala cishe izinyanga ezingu-3, uma ukungezwa kwe-ejenti yokuvutshelwa, le nqubo izosheshiswa kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokushisa elizungezile, ngokuvamile lidinga izinsuku ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-30, uma izimo zokukhiqizwa kwefektri 7 Izinsuku eziyi-10 zingaqedwa.
2. Umswakama
Lawula umswakama ngaphambi kokuba ubulongwe benkukhu buvutshelwe.Ngesikhathi sokuvubela umanyolo wemvelo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuthi umswakama ufanelekile yini.Ngenxa yokuthi i-ejenti ebolayo ngaphakathi ingamagciwane aphilayo, uma omile kakhulu noma emanzi kakhulu kuzophazamisa ukuvutshelwa kwezilwanyana ezincane, ngokuvamile kufanele zigcinwe ku-60 kuya ku-65%.
Indlela yokwahlulela: isandla sibambe impahla, i-watermark yomthungo womunwe kodwa hhayi amanzi aconsayo, iphansi lingahlakazwa ngokufanele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2020