Nakuba ukufuywa kwezinkukhu kuye kwanda ekudumeni e-Afrika phakathi neminyaka edlule, empeleni kube umsebenzi omncane.Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, nokho, sekuphenduke ibhizinisi elibucayi, osomabhizinisi abaningi abasebasha babheke inzuzo ekhangayo enikezwayo.Izinkukhu ezingaphezu kuka-5 000 sezivamile kodwa ukuthuthela ekukhiqizeni okukhulu sekuphakamise ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngokulahlwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele.Lolu daba, ngokuthakazelisayo, lunikeza namathuba okubaluleka.
Ukukhiqizwa okukhudlwana kulethe izinselelo eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nokulahlwa kukadoti.Amabhizinisi amancane awadonsi ukunaka okukhulu kweziphathimandla zezemvelo kodwa ukusebenza kwamabhizinisi anezindaba ezithinta imvelo kuyadingeka ukuba kulandele izindinganiso ezifanayo zokuphepha kwemvelo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inselele kadoti kamanyolo inika abalimi ithuba lokuxazulula inkinga enkulu: ukutholakala kanye nezindleko zamandla.Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika izimboni eziningi zikhala ngezindleko zikagesi ezimba eqolo kanti izakhamizi eziningi zasemadolobheni zisebenzisa amajeneretha ngoba ugesi awuthembekile.Ukuguqulwa komquba wemfucuza ube ugesi ngokusebenzisa ama-biodigester sekuyinto ekhangayo, futhi abalimi abaningi baphendukela kukho.
Ukuguqulwa kukadoti womquba ube ugesi kungaphezu kwebhonasi, ngoba ugesi uyimpahla eyivelakancane kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika.I-biodigester kulula ukuyiphatha, futhi izindleko zinengqondo, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka izinzuzo zesikhathi eside
Ngaphezu kokuphehla ugesi we-biogas, nokho, imfucuza ye-biogas, okuwumkhiqizo wephrojekthi ye-biodigester, izongcolisa imvelo ngokuqondile ngenxa yesamba sayo esikhulu, ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-ammonia nitrogen nezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezindleko zokuhamba, ukwelashwa kanye nokusetshenziswa. phezulu.Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imfucuza ye-biogas evela ku-biodigester inenani elingcono lokugaywa kabusha, ngakho-ke siyisebenzisa kanjani ngokugcwele imfucuza ye-biogas?
Impendulo ngumanyolo we-biogas.Imfucuza ye-Biogas inezinhlobo ezimbili: eyodwa iwuketshezi (i-biogas slurry), ibalwa cishe ngama-88% engqikithi.Okwesibili, izinsalela eziqinile (izinsalela ze-biogas), ezibalelwa ku-12% wengqikithi.Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwemfucuza ye-biodigester, kufanele iniselwe isikhathi esithile (ukuvutshelwa kwesibili) ukwenza okuqinile noketshezi kuhluke ngokwemvelo.Okuqinile – isihlukanisi esiwuketsheziingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlukanisa imfucuza ye-biogas ewuketshezi neqinile.I-Biogas slurry iqukethe izakhi zomsoco ezifana ne-nitrogen etholakalayo, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ezifana ne-zinc nensimbi.Ngokusho kokuzimisela, i-biogas slurry iqukethe inani le-nitrogen 0.062% ~ 0.11%, i-ammonium nitrogen 200 ~ 600 mg/kg, i-phosphorus etholakalayo 20 ~ 90 mg/kg, i-potassium etholakalayo 400 ~ 1100 mg/kg.Ngenxa yomphumela wawo osheshayo, izinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izakhi, futhi lingamuncwa ngokushesha izitshalo, liwuhlobo lomanyolo ohlanganisa umphumela osheshayo omningi.Umanyolo oqinile wezinsalela ze-biogas, izakhi zomsoco kanye ne-biogas slurry ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana, okuqukethe u-30% ~ 50% wezinto eziphilayo, 0.8% ~ 1.5% nitrogen, 0.4% ~ 0.6% phosphorus, 0.6% ~ 1.2% potassium, kodwa futhi inothile nge-humic i-asidi engaphezu kuka-11%.I-Humic acid ingakhuthaza ukwakheka kwesakhiwo senhlabathi ehlanganisiwe, ithuthukise ukugcinwa kokuvunda kwenhlabathi kanye nomthelela, ithuthukise izakhiwo zenhlabathi kanye namakhemikhali, umphumela wokulungiswa kwenhlabathi usobala kakhulu.Imvelo yomanyolo wezinsalela ze-biogas iyafana nomanyolo ojwayelekile we-organic, ongowomanyolo osebenza sekwephuzile futhi unomphumela omuhle kakhulu wesikhathi eside.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bokusebenzisa i-biogasudakaukwenza umanyolo owuketshezi
I-biogas slurry iphonswa emshinini wokuzalanisa amagciwane ukuze kukhishwe iphunga nokuvutshelwa, bese i-biogas slurry evutshiwe ihlukaniswa ngomshini wokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile.Uketshezi oluhlukanisayo luphonswa ku-reactor eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinye izakhi zomanyolo wamakhemikhali ziyengezwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukusabela.I-complex reaction liquid iphonswa ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa kanye nemvula ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okungancibiliki.Uketshezi oluhlukanisayo luphonswa eketelani le-elemental chelating, futhi izakhi zokulandelela ezidingwa izitshalo ziyengezwa ukuze kutholakale ukusabela kwe-chelating.Ngemva kokuqedwa kokusabela, uketshezi lwe-chelate luzophonswa ethangini eliqediwe ukuze kuqedelwe ukufaka amabhodlela nokupakisha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bokusebenzisa izinsalela ze-biogas ukwenza umanyolo we-organic
Izinsalela ze-biogas ezihlukanisiwe zahlanganiswa notshani, umanyolo wekhekhe nezinye izinto ezichotshoziwe zaze zafika kusayizi othize, futhi okuqukethwe komswakama kwalungiswa ku-50% -60%, futhi isilinganiso se-C/N salungiswa saba ngu-25:1.Amabhaktheriya okuvutshelwa afakwa ezintweni ezixubile, bese izinto zenziwe zibe yinqwaba yomquba, ububanzi benqwaba abukho ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-2, ukuphakama abukho ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-1, ubude abunqunyelwe, futhi ithangi. Inqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic nayo ingasetshenziswa.Naka ukushintsha komswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa ukuze ugcine umoya enqwabeni.Esigabeni sokuqala sokuvutshelwa, umswakama akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-40%, ngaphandle kwalokho awuhambisani nokukhula nokukhiqizwa kwama-microorganisms, futhi umswakama akufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu, ozothinta umoya omncane.Lapho izinga lokushisa lenqwaba likhuphukela ku-70 ℃, i- umshini wokujika umqubakufanele isetshenziselwe ukuguqula inqwaba ize ibole ngokuphelele.
Ukucubungula okujulile komanyolo we-organic
Ngemva ukuvutshelwa impahla kanye nokuvuthwa, ungasebenzisaimishini yokwenza umanyolo we-organicukucutshungulwa okujulile.Okokuqala, icutshungulwa ibe ngumanyolo ophilayo oyimpuphu.Iinqubo yokukhiqiza i-powdery organic fertilizerilula uma kuqhathaniswa.Okokuqala, i-material iyachotshozwa, bese ukungcola okukuyo kuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa aumshini wokuhlola, futhi ekugcineni ukupakishwa kungaqedwa.Kodwa ukucubungula kuumanyolo we-organic granular, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-organic granular iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, into yokuqala echotshozwayo, ukukhipha ukungcola, okokusebenza kwembudumbudu, bese kuba izinhlayiyaukomisa, ukupholisa, enamathela, futhi ekugcineni ugcwalise i-ukupakisha.Lezi zinqubo ezimbili zokukhiqiza zinezinzuzo kanye nokubi zazo, inqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-powder ilula, ukutshalwa kwezimali kuncane, kulungele imboni esanda kuvulwa kamanyolo we-organic,inqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic granularkuyinkimbinkimbi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphezulu, kodwa umanyolo we-organic granular akulula ukuwuhlanganisa, isicelo silula, inani lezomnotho liphakeme.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021