I-Sucrose yenza u-65-70% wokukhiqizwa kukashukela emhlabeni.Inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga isitimu esiningi nogesi, futhi ikhiqiza izinsalela eziningi ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhiqizakwengesikhathi esifanayo.
Isimo Sokukhiqiza I-Sucrose Emhlabeni
Kunamazwe angaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni wonke akhiqiza i-sucrose.IBrazil, i-India, iThailand kanye ne-Australia ahamba phambili emhlabeni akhiqiza futhi ethumela ushukela kwamanye amazwe.Ukukhiqizwa kukashukela okukhiqizwa yilawa mazwe kubalelwa ku-46% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke kanye nenani eliphelele likashukela othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe libalelwa ku-80% wokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe.Ukukhiqizwa kukashukela waseBrazil kanye nevolumu yokuthekelisa kukleliswe kuqala emhlabeni, okubalelwa ku-22% wesamba somkhiqizo wonyaka we-sucrose wonyaka wonke kanye nama-60% wesamba esiphelele sokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ushukela/Imikhiqizo Yoshukela kanye Nokwakheka
Enqubweni yokucubungula umoba, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo eyinhloko njengoshukela omhlophe noshukela onsundu, kunemikhiqizo emithathu eyinhloko:umoba, udaka lokucindezela, nama-blackstrap molasses.
◇Isikhwama Somoba:
I-Bagasse iyinsalela ene-fibrous evela kumoba ngemva kokukhipha ijusi yomoba.I-bagasse yomoba ingasetshenziswa kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni umanyolo wemvelo.Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-bagasse icishe ibe yi-cellulose ehlanzekile futhi iqukethe cishe izakhi zomzimba ayiwona umanyolo osebenzayo, ukufakwa kwezinye izakhi kuyadingeka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izinto ezicebile nge-nitrogen, njengezinto eziluhlaza, ubulongwe benkomo, ubulongwe bengulube njll. ukubola.
◇I-Sugar Mill Cindezela Udaka:
Cindezela udaka, okuyinsalela enkulu yokukhiqizwa kukashukela, insalela yokwelashwa kwejusi lomoba ngokuhluzwa, okubalelwa ku-2% wesisindo sikamoba ochotshoziwe.Kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi udaka lokuhlunga umoba, udaka lokucindezela umoba, udaka lwekhekhe lokuhlunga umoba, ikhekhe lokuhlunga umoba, udaka lwesihlungi somoba.
Ikhekhe lokuhlunga (udaka) libangela ukungcola okuphawulekayo, futhi ezimbonini eziningana zikashukela kubhekwa njengokumoshayo, okubangela izinkinga zokuphatha nokulahlwa kokugcina.Ingcolisa umoya namanzi angaphansi komhlaba uma inqwabelanisa udaka lwesihlungi nomaphi.Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kodaka kuyinkinga ephuthumayo yeminyango yokuhluza ushukela kanye nokuvikela imvelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kodaka lokucindezela isihlungi
Empeleni, ngenxa yokuqukatha inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhi zamaminerali ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuze izitshalo, ikhekhe lokuhlunga selivele lisetshenziswa njengomanyolo emazweni amaningana, ahlanganisa iBrazil, i-India, i-Australia, i-Cuba, i-Pakistan, i-Taiwan, iNingizimu Afrika, ne-Argentina.Isetshenziswe njengengxenye ephelele noma eyingxenye yomanyolo wamaminerali ekulinyweni komoba, nasekutshaleni ezinye izitshalo.
Inani Lokuhlunga Cindezela Udaka Njengomanyolo Wokuvundisa
Isilinganiso sesivuno soshukela kanye nodaka lokuhlunga (okuqukethwe kwamanzi 65%) kumayelana ne-10: 3, okusho ukuthi amathani ayi-10 okukhipha ushukela angakhiqiza ithani elingu-1 lodaka lokuhlunga elomile.Ngo-2015, ukukhiqizwa kukashukela okuphelele emhlabeni kungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-0.172, kanti iBrazil, i-India ne-China imele u-75% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.2 odaka lokunyathelisa akhiqizwa eNdiya minyaka yonke.
Ngaphambi kokwazi ukuthi uphathwa kanjani ngendlela evumelana nemvelo yokuhlunga cindezela udaka noma cindezela ikhekhe, Ake sibone kabanzi mayelana nokwakheka kwalo ukuze kutholakale isisombululo esingaba khona maduze!
Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali odaka lwe-Sugarcane Press:
| Cha. | Amapharamitha | Inani |
| 1. | pH | 4.95 % |
| 2. | Ama-Solids Aphelele | 27.87 % |
| 3. | Ama-Volatile Solids Aphelele | 84.00 % |
| 4. | I-COD | 117.60 % |
| 5. | BOD(izinsuku ezi-5 ku-27°C) | 22.20 % |
| 6. | I-Organic Carbon. | 48.80 % |
| 7. | Izinto eziphilayo | 84.12 % |
| 8. | I-nitrogen | 1.75 % |
| 9. | Phosphorus | 0.65 % |
| 10. | I-potassium | 0.28 % |
| 11. | Isodium | 0.18 % |
| 12. | I-calcium | 2.70 % |
| 13. | I-Sulfate | 1.07 % |
| 14. | Ushukela | 7.92 % |
| 15. | Ingcina kanye Amafutha | 4.65 % |
Ngokubona phezulu, udaka lwe-Cindezela luqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba nezamaminerali, ngaphandle kuka-20-25% we-organic carbon.Udaka lokucindezela lucebile nge-potassium, i-sodium, ne-phosphorus.Iwumthombo ocebile we-phosphorus kanye ne-organic matter futhi inomswakama omkhulu, okwenza ibe umanyolo obalulekile womquba!Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile umanyolo, kokubili okungakacutshungulwa futhi kucutshungulwe.Izinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa inani layo likamanyolo
zihlanganisa ukwenza umquba, ukwelashwa ngama-microorganisms kanye nokuxuba nokungcola kwe-distillery
◇I-Molasses Yomoba:
I-Molasses iwumkhiqizo ohlukanisiwe kushukela wezinga 'C' ngesikhathi sokugxilisa amakristalu kashukela.Isivuno sama-molasses ngethani likamoba sisebangeni elingu-4 kuya ku-4.5%.Ithunyelwa ngaphandle kwefekthri njengomkhiqizo wemfucuza.
Kodwa-ke, ama-molasses angumthombo omuhle, osheshayo wamandla ezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane kanye nempilo yomhlabathi enqwabeni yomquba noma emhlabathini.IMolasses ine-27:1 carbon to nitrogen ration futhi iqukethe cishe u-21% wekhabhoni encibilikayo.Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukubhaka noma ukukhiqiza i-ethanol, njengesithako ekudleni kwezinkomo, nanjengomanyolo "osekelwe ku-molasses".
Iphesenti lemisoco ekhona kuMolasses
| Sr. | Izakhamzimba | % |
| 1 | I-Sucrose | 30-35 |
| 2 | IGlucose neFructose | 10-25 |
| 3 | Umswakama | 23-23.5 |
| 4 | Umlotha | 16-16.5 |
| 5 | I-calcium ne-Potassium | 4.8-5 |
| 6 | Izinhlanganisela ezingezona ushukela | 2-3 |
Hlunga Cindezela Udaka & Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Umanyolo we-Molasses
◇Ukwenza umquba
Okokuqala udaka lokucindezela ushukela (87.8%), izinto zekhabhoni (9.5%) ezifana nempushana yotshani, impushana yotshani, i-germ bran, ibran kakolweni, amakhoba, sawdust njll., ama-molasses (0.5%), i-superphosphate eyodwa (2.0%), udaka lwesulfure (0.2%), lwaluxutshwe kahle futhi lwanqwabelana cishe ngamamitha angu-20 ubude ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba, 2.3-2.5m ububanzi kanye no-5.6m ukuphakama ngokuma kwesemicircle.(amathiphu: ububanzi bobude bemigqa yomoya kufanele buhambisane idatha yepharamitha ye-turner compost oyisebenzisayo)
Lezi zinqwaba zinikezwe isikhathi sokuhlanganisa futhi ziqedele inqubo yokugaya cishe izinsuku eziyi-14-21.Ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, ingxube ixutshwe, iguqulwe futhi iniselwe ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ongu-50-60%.I-compost turner yayisetshenziselwa inqubo yokujika ukuze kugcinwe ukufana nokuxuba kahle.(amathiphu: i-compost windrow turner isiza umkhiqizi womquba ukuthi axube futhi aphendule umquba ngokushesha, osebenza kahle futhi odingekayo kulayini wokukhiqiza umanyolo)
Izinyathelo Zokuqaphela Ukuvutshelwa
Uma umswakama uphezulu kakhulu, isikhathi sokuvutshelwa siyandiswa.Amanzi aphansi odakeni angase abangele ukuvutshelwa okungaphelele.Indlela yokwahlulela ukuthi umquba uvuthiwe?Umquba osukhulile ubonakala ngokuma okuxekethile, umbala ompunga (ogaywe ube yi-taupe) futhi awunaphunga.Kukhona izinga lokushisa elilinganayo phakathi komquba nendawo eyizungezile.Umswakama womquba ungaphansi kwama-20%.
◇I-Granulation
Izinto ezivutshiwe zibe sezithunyelwa ku-I-organic fertilizer granulator entshaukuze kwakhiwe ama-granules.
◇Ukomisa/Ukupholisa
Ama-granules azothunyelwa ku-Umshini wokomisa isigubhu ojikelezayo, lapha ama-molasses (0.5 % wesamba semali eluhlaza) kanye namanzi kufanele afuthwe ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yokomisa.Umshini wokomisa imigqomo ojikelezayo, osebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bomzimba ukomisa ama-granules, usetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-granules ezingeni lokushisa elingu-240-250℃ kanye nokunciphisa okuqukethwe komswakama ku-10%.
◇Ukuhlola
Ngemuva kwe-granulation ye-compost, ithunyelwaumshini wesikrini sesigubhu esijikelezayo.Isilinganiso sosayizi womanyolo we-bio kufanele ube ngu-5mm ububanzi ukuze umlimi abe lula kanye ne-granule yekhwalithi enhle.Ama-granules amakhulu kakhulu nangaphansi aphinde asetshenziswe futhi kuyunithi ye-granulation.
◇Ukupakisha
Umkhiqizo wosayizi odingekayo uthunyelwa kuumshini wokupakisha othomathikhi, lapho ipakishwa ezikhwameni ngokugcwaliswa ngokuzenzakalela.Bese ekugcineni umkhiqizo uthunyelwa ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuze zidayiswe.
Isihlungi Sokuhluza Udaka & Nezici Zokuqundisa Umquba
1. Ukumelana nezifo okuphezulu kanye nokhula oluncane:
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kodaka lokuhlunga ushukela, ama-microorganisms aphindaphindeka ngokushesha futhi akhiqize inani elikhulu lama-antibiotics, amahomoni namanye ama-metabolites athile.Ukusebenzisa umanyolo emhlabathini, kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukusabalala kwamagciwane kanye nokukhula kokhula, kuthuthukise ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo.Udaka lokuhlunga olumanzi olungenakwelashwa kulula ukudlulisela amagciwane, imbewu yokhula namaqanda ezitshalweni futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwazo).
2. Ukusebenza kahle kukamanyolo:
Njengoba isikhathi sokuvutshelwa siyizinsuku ezingu-7-15 kuphela, igcina izakhi zodaka zesihlungi ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngenxa yokubola kwama-microorganisms, iguqula izinto okunzima ukuzimunca zibe izakhamzimba ezisebenzayo.Isihlungi sodaka sikamanyolo we-bioorganic singadlala ekusebenzeni komanyolo ngokushesha futhi sigcwalise imisoco edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kukamanyolo kugcina isikhathi eside.
3. Ukutshala ukuvunda komhlabathi nokuthuthukisa umhlabathi:
Ngokusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali owodwa isikhathi eside, izinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi ziyadliwa kancane kancane, okuholela enanini lokuncishiswa kwe-microbial ezuzisayo emhlabathini.Ngale ndlela, okuqukethwe kwe-enzyme kunciphisa futhi i-colloidal yonakaliswe, ibangele ukuhlangana kwenhlabathi, i-acidification kanye nosawoti.Isihlungi somanyolo wezinto eziphilayo singase sihlanganise isihlabathi, ubumba oluxekethile, luvimbele amagciwane, lubuyisele imvelo encane enhlabathini, luthuthukise ukungena kwenhlabathi futhi luthuthukise amandla okugcina amanzi nemisoco.
4. Ukwenza ngcono isivuno nekhwalithi:
Ngemuva kokufaka umanyolo we-organic, izitshalo zinezimpande ezithuthukisiwe kanye namaqabunga aqinile, okukhuthaza ukuhluma kwezitshalo, ukukhula, ukuqhakaza, ukuthela kanye nokuvuthwa.Ithuthukisa kakhulu ukubukeka nombala wemikhiqizo yezolimo, yandisa inani likamoba nobumnandi bezithelo.Hlunga umanyolo we-bio-organic wodaka usebenzisa njenge-basal jikelele kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu.Ngesikhathi sokukhula, sebenzisa inani elincane likamanyolo we-inorganic.Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo futhi ifinyelele inhloso yokuphatha nokusebenzisa umhlaba.
5. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezolimo
Kusetshenziswa njengomanyolo oyisisekelo kanye ne-topdressing kamoba, ubhanana, isihlahla sezithelo, amakhabe, imifino, isitshalo setiye, izimbali, amazambane, ugwayi, ifolishi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021