Imfucuza yokudla ibilokhu ikhula njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni likhula futhi namadolobha akhula ngosayizi.Izigidi zamathani okudla ziphonswa kudoti emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka.Cishe u-30% wezithelo zomhlaba wonke, imifino, okusanhlamvu, inyama kanye nokudla okupakishiwe kulahlwa minyaka yonke.Ukulahlwa kokudla sekuyinkinga enkulu yemvelo kuwo wonke amazwe.Inqwaba yemfucumfucu yokudla idala ukungcola okukhulu, okulimaza umoya, amanzi, inhlabathi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfucumfucu yokudla ibhidliza i-anaerobicly ukuze ikhiqize amagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-methane, i-carbon dioxide kanye nokunye ukukhishwa okuyingozi.Imfucumfucu yokudla ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,3 zamagesi abamba ukushisa.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfucuza yokudla ilahlwa ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu ezithatha indawo enkulu, ekhiqiza igesi yokulahla udoti kanye nothuli oluntantayo.Uma imfucumfucu ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokulahlwa kukadoti ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, izodala ukungcoliswa kwesibili, ukungcoliswa komhlaba kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukushiswa nokulahlwa kwemfucuza kunezimo ezimbi kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kokulahlwa kokudla kuzoba nomthelela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo evuselelekayo.
Indlela imfucuza yokudla ekhiqizwa ngayo ibe ngumanyolo ophilayo.
Izithelo, imifino, imikhiqizo yobisi, okusanhlamvu, isinkwa, amabala ekhofi, amagobolondo amaqanda, inyama namaphephandaba konke kungavundiswa.Imfucuza yokudla iyi-ejenti eyingqayizivele yokwenza umquba engumthombo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo.Udoti wokudla uhlanganisa izakhi zamakhemikhali ezihlukahlukene, njengesitashi, i-cellulose, amaprotheni lipids nosawoti wezinto ezingaphili, kanye ne-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, K ezinye izakhi zokulandelela.Imfucuza yokudla ine-biodegradable enhle, engafinyelela ku-85%.Inezici zokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-organic, umswakama ophezulu kanye nezakhamzimba eziningi, futhi inenani eliphakeme lokugaywa kabusha.Ngenxa yokuthi imfucumfucu yokudla inezici zokuqukethwe umswakama ophezulu kanye nesakhiwo somzimba omncane, kubalulekile ukuxuba imfucuza yokudla entsha ne-bulking agent, edonsa umswakama owedlulele futhi yengeze isakhiwo ukuze sixubane.
Imfucuza yokudla inamazinga aphezulu ezinto eziphilayo, kanti amaprotheni angcolile angu-15% - 23%, amafutha angu-17% - 24%, amaminerali angu-3% - 5%, i-Ca 54%, i-sodium chloride engu-3% - 4%. njll.
Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nemishini ehlobene yokuguqulwa kwemfucuza yokudla ibe ngumanyolo we-organic.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yokulahla imfucuza idala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.Njengamanje, amanye amazwe athuthukile asesungule uhlelo oluqinile lokuhlanza imfucumfucu yokudla.EJalimane, isibonelo, imfucuza yokudla iphathwa ikakhulukazi ngokwenza umquba kanye nokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic, kukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezi-5 kamanyolo wemvelo emfucumfucwini yokudla unyaka ngamunye.Ngokufaka umquba wokulahlwa kokudla e-UK, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 we-CO2 ekhishwayo angancishiswa unyaka ngamunye.Ukwenza umquba kusetshenziswa cishe ku-95% wamadolobha ase-US.Ukwenza umquba kungaletha izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, kuhlanganise nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho zinkulu.
♦ Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
Amanzi ayingxenye eyisisekelo yemfucuza yokudla ebalelwa ku-70% -90%, okuyisisekelo sokumoshakala kwemfucuza yokudla.Ngakho-ke, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuguqula imfucuza yokudla ibe umanyolo wemvelo.
Idivaysi yokwelapha imfucuza yokudla iyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwelapha udoti wokudla.Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-Dewatering Systemà Feeding Systemà Automatic Sorting Systemà Solid-Liquid separatorà Oil-Water Separatorà In-vessel composter.Ukugeleza okuyisisekelo kungahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Imfucuza yokudla kufanele iphelelwe amanzi kuqala ngoba iqukethe amanzi amaningi.
2. Ukususwa kwemfucuza engaphili emfucumfucwini yokudla, njengezinsimbi, ukhuni, amapulasitiki, amaphepha, izindwangu, njll., ngokuhlunga.
3. Imfucumfucu yokudla iyahlungwa futhi ifakwe ohlotsheni lwesikulufu isihlukanisi esiwuketshezi oluqinile lokuchotshozwa, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokukhipha amafutha.
4. Izinsalela zokudla ezikhanyiwe zomiswa futhi zifakwe inzalo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze zisuse umswakama owedlulele kanye nama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene e-pathogenic.Ukucoleka kanye nokoma kwemfucuza yokudla edingekayo ukuze kutholwe umquba, kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla ingathunyelwa kumgquba ongaphakathi kwemikhumbi ngokuqondile ngebhande elihambisayo.
5. Amanzi akhishwe emfucumfucwini yokudla ayingxube yamafutha namanzi, ahlukaniswe isihlukanisi samanzi samafutha.Amafutha ahlukanisiwe acutshungulwa ajule ukuze athole i-biodiesel noma uwoyela wezimboni.
Yonke imboni yokulahla imfucuza yokudla inezinzuzo zokuphuma okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuphephile, izindleko eziphansi kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza.
♦ Umquba
Ithangi lokuvutshelwaluhlobo lwethangi elivalekile ngokugcwele lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic obushisa kakhulu, obuthatha indawo yobuchwepheshe bokwenza umquba obujwayelekile.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elivaliwe kanye nenqubo yokwenza umquba osheshayo ethangini ikhiqiza umquba wezinga eliphezulu, ongalawuleka ngokunembe kakhulu nangokuzinza.
I-composting engaphakathi kwemikhumbi ivalekile, futhi ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kuyisici esibalulekile ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba.Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwezinto eziphilayo ezibola kalula kufinyelelwa ngokugcina izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo ezincane.Ukuthola izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokungasebenzi kahle kwezilwanyana ezincane kanye nembewu yokhula kuyadingeka.Ukuvubela ukukhahlela okuqalwa yizilwanyana ezincane ezivele ngokwemvelo emfucumfucwini wokudla, zibhidliza izinto zomquba, zikhiphe imisoco, zikhuphule izinga lokushisa lifike ku-60-70°C elidingekayo ukuze kubulawe amagciwane kanye nembewu yokhula, futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezifo. imithethonqubo yokucubungula imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo.I-composting engaphakathi kwemikhumbi inesikhathi sokubola esisheshayo, esingafaka umquba udoti wokudla esikhathini esingangezinsuku ezi-4.Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4-7 kuphela, umquba uyakhishwa, ongenaphunga, ohlanzekile, futhi ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo, futhi unomsoco olinganiselayo.
Lo manyolo ongenaphunga, we-aseptic organic okhiqizwe umquba awugcini nje ukusindisa umhlaba ogcwalisayo ukuvikela imvelo, kodwa futhi uzoletha izinzuzo ezithile zezomnotho.
♦ I-granulation
Gumanyolo we-ranular organicdlala indima ebalulekile emasu omhlaba okuhlinzeka ngomanyolo.Isihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa isivuno sikamanyolo we-organic ukukhetha umshini ofanele we-organic fertilizer granulation.I-granulation inqubo yokwenza izinto zibe yizinhlayiya ezincane, ithuthukisa izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe, ivimbele ukugoqa futhi ikhulise izakhiwo zokugeleza, yenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwenani elincane, isiza ukulayishwa, ukuthuthwa, njll. Zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa zingenziwa zibe umquba oyindilinga. ngomshini wethu we-organic fertilizer granulation.Izinga le-granulation yezinto ezibonakalayo lingafinyelela ku-100%, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-organic kungaba phezulu ku-100%.
Ekulimeni ngezikali ezinkulu, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele ukusetshenziswa emakethe ubalulekile.Umshini wethu ungakhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, njengo-0.5mm-1.3mm, 1.3mm-3mm, 2mm-5mm.I-granulation yomanyolo we-organicinikeza ezinye zezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlanganisa amaminerali ukuze udale umanyolo wezakhi eziningi, uvumele ukugcinwa kwenqwaba kanye nokupakishwa, kanye nokuhlinzeka kalula ukuphatha nokusebenzisa.Umanyolo we-granular organic ulungele ukusetshenziswa, awunawo iphunga elibi, imbewu yokhula, namagciwane, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwaziwa kahle.Uma kuqhathaniswa nomquba wezilwane, aqukethe i-nitrogen (N) izikhathi ezingu-4.3 ngaphezulu, izikhathi ezingu-4 ze-phosphorous (P2O5) kanye ne-potassium (K2O) ephindwe ka-8.2.Umanyolo we-Granular uthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhlabathi ngokukhuphula amazinga we-humus, izinkomba eziningi zokukhiqiza inhlabathi ziyathuthukiswa: izakhiwo zomhlabathi, amakhemikhali, izakhiwo ze-microbiological kanye nomswakama, umoya, umbuso wokushisa, kanye nesivuno sezitshalo.
♦ Yomile futhi ipholile.
Umshini wokomisa isigubhu ojikelezayo nomshini wokupholisazivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye ngesikhathi somugqa wokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic.Okuqukethwe kwamanzi omanyolo ophilayo kuyasuswa, izinga lokushisa lama-granules liyancishiswa, ukufeza injongo yokuvala inzalo kanye ne-deodorization.Lezi zinyathelo ezimbili zinganciphisa ukulahleka kwemisoco kuma-granules namandla ezinhlayiyana athuthukisiwe.
♦ Isisefo kanye nephakheji.
Inqubo yokuhlola iwukuhlukanisa lawo ma-fertilizer angafanelekile agcwaliswa yi-umshini wokuhlola izigubhu ezijikelezayo.Ama-fertilizer angafanelekile athunyelwa ukuthi acutshungulwe futhi, kanti umanyolo ofanelekile uzohlanganiswaumshini wokupakisha othomathikhi.
Zuza ngokulahlwa komanyolo ophilayo
Ukuguqula imfucuza yokudla ibe umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kungakha izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo ezingathuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi futhi kusize ukunciphisa ukuguguleka nokuthuthukisa izinga lamanzi.Igesi yemvelo evuselelekayo kanye nama-biofuels kungabuye kukhiqizwe emfucumfucwini wokudla osekugaywe kabusha, okungasiza ekunciphiseniigesi ebamba ukushisaukungcola kanye nokuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Umanyolo we-organic ungumsoco ongcono kakhulu womhlabathi.Iwumthombo omuhle wokudla kwezitshalo, okuhlanganisa i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium nama-micronutrients, okudingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.Akukwazi nje ukunciphisa ezinye izinambuzane nezifo zezitshalo, kodwa futhi kunciphise isidingo sezinhlobonhlobo zama-fungicides namakhemikhali.Umanyolo wezinga eliphezulu we-organicizosetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezolimo, amapulazi endawo kanye nemibukiso yezimbali ezindaweni zomphakathi, okuzoletha izinzuzo eziqondile zezomnotho kubakhiqizi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021