Okokuqala nje, ubulongwe benkukhu obuluhlaza awulingani nomanyolo wemvelo.Umanyolo we-organic ubhekisela kutshani, ikhekhe, umquba wemfuyo, izinsalela zamakhowe nezinye izinto ezingavuthiwe ngokubola, ukuvutshelwa kanye nokucubungula kwenziwa umanyolo.Umquba wezilwane ungenye kuphela yezinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo.
Ukuthi umanyolo wenkukhu omanzi noma owomile awuvutshelwa, uzoholela kalula ekucekeleni phansi kwemifino ebamba ukushisa, amasimu ezithelo kanye nezinye izitshalo zemali, okubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho kubalimi.Ake siqale ngokubheka ubungozi bomquba wenkukhu eluhlaza, futhi kungani abantu becabanga ukuthi ubulongwe benkukhu eluhlaza busebenza kangcono kunomunye umquba wezilwane?Futhi indlela yokusebenzisa ngokugcwele umquba wezinkukhu ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo?
Izinhlekelele eziyisishiyagalombili ezibangelwa kalula ukusetshenziswa komquba wezinkukhu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasemasimini ezithelo:
1. Shisa izimpande, shisa izithombo futhi ubulale izitshalo
Ngemuva kokusebenzisa umquba wenkukhu ongavutshiwe, uma isandla sakho sifakwe emhlabathini, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lizoba phezulu kakhulu.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa kwe-flake noma i-canopy egcwele kuzobambezela ukulima futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa kwezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokutshalwa kwembewu.
Ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa komquba wezinkukhu ebusika nasentwasahlobo kunengozi enkulu yokuphepha engaba khona, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse liphezulu, futhi ukuvutshelwa komquba wezinkukhu kuzothumela ukushisa okukhulu, okuholela ekushiseni kwezimpande. .Umquba wezinkukhu wawusetshenziswa engadini yezithelo ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kusenkathini yokulala kwezimpande.Uma impande isishisiwe, izoba nomthelela ekuqoqweni kwezakhi kanye nokuqhakaza kanye nokuthela onyakeni ozayo.
2. Ukufakwa kukasawoti enhlabathini, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo
Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo komquba wezinkukhu kushiye isamba esikhulu se-sodium chloride enhlabathini, enesilinganiso samakhilogremu angama-30-40 kasawoti ku-6 square metres womquba wezinkukhu, kanye namakhilogremu angu-10 kasawoti ihektare ngalinye kukhawule kakhulu ukungena nokusebenza komhlabathi. .Umanyolo we-solidified phosphate, umanyolo we-potash, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, insimbi, i-boron, i-manganese nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo okungavamile, ukugqama kwezimbali nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo, okukhawulela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesivuno nekhwalithi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokusebenzisa umanyolo lehla unyaka nonyaka futhi izindleko zokufakwayo zenyuka ngo-50-100%
3. Faka i-acidity enhlabathini futhi ubangele izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-rhizosphere nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
Ngenxa yokuthi i-pH yomquba wezinkukhu icishe ibe ngu-4, ine-asidi ngokwedlulele futhi izofaka i-asidi emhlabathini, okuholela ekulimaleni kwamakhemikhali kanye nokulimala okukhulu kwesisekelo sesiqu kanye nezicubu zezimpande, okuhlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lamagciwane athwalwa umquba wezinkukhu, izifo ezitholakala emhlabathini. -ukuthwala amabhaktheriya, amagciwane futhi inikeza ithuba lokungena kanye nokutheleleka, uma umswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa lifinyelela isifo sizokwenzeka.
Ukusetshenziswa okungaphelele ukuvutshelwa inkukhu umquba, kulula ukubangela plant wilt, yellow bunile, atrophy stop ukukhula, akukho izimbali nezithelo, ngisho nokufa;Isifo segciwane, isifo esiwumqedazwe, ukubola kwesiqu, ukubola kwezimpande kanye ne-bacterial wilt yizilandeli ezisobala kakhulu zokusetshenziswa komquba wezinkukhu.
4.I-Root knot nematode infestation
Umquba wezinkukhu uyindawo yokukhempa kanye nendawo yokuzalela i-root-knot nematodes.Inani lamaqanda e-root-knot nematode yi-100 ngamagremu ayi-1000.Amaqanda asemqubeni wezinkukhu kulula ukuchanyuselwa futhi aphindaphindeke ngamashumi ezinkulungwane ngobusuku obubodwa.
Ama-Nematode azwela kakhulu kumakhemikhali, futhi ahamba ngokushesha ekujuleni okungama-50 cm kuya ku-1.5 m, okwenza kube nzima ukuyelapha.I-Root-knot nematode ingenye yezingozi ezibulala kakhulu ikakhulukazi kumashede amadala angaphezu kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala.
5. Letha ama-antibiotics, athinta ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo
Ukudla kwenkukhu kuqukethe ama-hormone amaningi, futhi futhi wengeze ama-antibiotics ukuvimbela izifo, lezi zizothwalwa emhlabathini ngomquba wezinkukhu, okuthinta ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo.
6. Khiqiza amagesi ayingozi, athinta ukukhula kwezitshalo, abulale izithombo
Umquba wezinkukhu ohlelweni lokubola ukukhiqiza i-methane, igesi ye-ammonia namanye amagesi ayingozi, ukuze inhlabathi nezitshalo zikhiqize ukulimala kwe-asidi kanye nokulimala kwezimpande, okubucayi kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-ethylene yokuvimbela ukukhula kwezimpande, okuyisizathu esikhulu futhi izimpande ezivuthayo.
7. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwendle yenkukhu, okuholela ekuntulekeni komoyampilo ohlelweni lwezimpande
Ukusetshenziswa njalo komquba wezinkukhu kubangela ukushoda kwe-oxygen ohlelweni lwezimpande kanye nokungakhuli kahle.Uma umquba wezinkukhu ufakwa emhlabathini, udla umoya-mpilo emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokubola, okwenza umhlabathi ube sesimweni se-hypoxia okwesikhashana, okuzovimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo.
8. Izinsimbi ezinzima zeqa izinga
Umquba wezinkukhu uqukethe inani elikhulu lezinsimbi ezinzima njengethusi, i-mercury, i-chromium, i-cadmium, i-lead ne-arsenic, kanye nezinsalela eziningi zamahomoni, ezibangela izinsimbi ezisindayo ngokweqile emikhiqizweni yezolimo, zingcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nomhlabathi, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukwenza izinto eziphilayo. kubalulekile ukuguqula i-humus, futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezakhi.
Kungani ukuvunda komhlabathi kubonakala kuphakeme kakhulu ngokufaka umquba wezinkukhu?
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amathumbu enkukhu aqondile, indle kanye nomchamo ndawonye, ngakho-ke izinto eziphilayo eziqukethwe emqubeni wenkukhu, ngaphezu kuka-60% wezinto eziphilayo zisesimweni se-uric acid, ukubola kwe-uric acid kunikeza izakhi eziningi ze-nitrogen, I-500 kg yobulongwe benkukhu ilingana no-76.5 kg we-urea, ingaphezulu libukeka sengathi izitshalo zikhula ziqinile ngokwemvelo.Uma lolu hlobo lwesimo lwenzeka ohlotsheni lwejazi noma emvinini wesihlahla sesithelo, lungaveza isifo esibucayi somzimba.
Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-nitrogen ne-trace elements kanye nenani eliningi le-urea, okuzokwenza ukuthi ukumuncwa kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene ezimaphakathi kanye ne-trace kuvinjwe, okuholela ekubeni amaqabunga aphuzi, ukubola kwenkaba, ukuqhekeka kwezithelo kanye nesifo sonyawo lwenkukhu.
Wake wahlangabezana nesimo sokushiswa kwezithombo noma izimpande ezibolayo ezingadini zakho zezithelo noma ezingadini zemifino?
Umanyolo usetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa isivuno nekhwalithi ngeke kuthuthukiswe.Ingabe akhona amacala amabi?njengokufa kwengxenye yobude, ukuqina kwenhlabathi, izinhlanga ezinzima, njll. Umquba wenkukhu udinga ukuvutshelwa kanye nokwelashwa okungenangozi ngaphambi kokuba ufakwe emhlabathini!
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo futhi ngempumelelo komquba wezinkukhu
Umquba wezinkukhu uyinto enhle kakhulu yokusetshenziswa komanyolo wemvelo, oqukethe cishe u-1.63% we-nitrogen ehlanzekile, cishe u-1.54% we-P2O5 kanye ne-0.085% ye-potassium.Ingacutshungulwa ibe ngumanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ngemishini yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic.Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuvutshelwa, izinambuzane eziyingozi kanye nembewu yokhula izoqedwa ngokukhuphuka nokuwa kwezinga lokushisa.Umkhakha wokukhiqiza ubulongwe benkukhu ngokuyisisekelo uhlanganisa ukuvutshelwa → ukugaywa → ukuxutshwa kwezithako → imbudumbudu → ukomiswa → ukupholisa → ukuhlola → ukulinganisa nokuvala → ukugcinwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe.
Ishadi eligelezayo lenqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo ophilayo
Ishadi lokugeleza kwenqubo likamanyolo we-organic elikhipha amathani angama-30,000 ngonyaka
Ukwakhiwa okuyisisekelo komugqa wokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic
1. Amathangi okuvubela amane azokwakhiwa endaweni yempahla eluhlaza, ngalinye libe ngama-40m ubude, 3m ububanzi kanye no-1.2m dee-p, nendawo ephelele engamamitha-skwele angama-700;
2. Indawo esetshenziswayo kufanele ilungise ujantshi ongu-320m omncane;
3. Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa indawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-1400;
4. Kudingeka abasebenzi aba-3 bokukhiqiza endaweni yempahla eluhlaza, futhi abasebenzi abangama-20 bayadingeka endaweni yokukhiqiza;
5. Indawo yempahla eluhlaza idinga ukuthenga iloli le-forklift elingamathani amathathu.
Imishini eyinhloko yomugqa wokukhiqiza umquba wezinkukhu:
1. Isigaba sokuqalaimishini yokuvutshelwawomquba wezinkukhu: umshini wokuguqula umquba we-groove, umshini wokukhasaumshini wokujika umquba, umshini wokujika umquba ozihambelayo, umshini wokujika umquba wamaketango
2. Imishini yokuchoboza:i-semi-wet material crusher, i-chain crusher, i-crusher eqondile
3. Ukuxuba imishini: i-mix evundlile, i-disc mixer
4. Imishini yokuhlola ihlanganisaumshini wokuhlola ojikelezayokanye nomshini wokuhlola odlidlizayo
5. Imishini ye-Granulator: i-granulator enyakazayo, i-disc granulator,i-extrusion granulator, i-rotary drum granulatorkanye nomshini wokubumba nxazonke
6. Imishini yokomisa: isomisi sesigubhu esijikelezayo
7. Imishini yokupholisa:umshini wokupholisa ojikelezayo
8. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: i-quantitative feeder, i-dehydrator yobulongwe benkukhu, umshini wokumboza, umqoqi wothuli, umshini wokupakisha ozenzakalelayo womthamo
9. Imishini yokuthutha: i-conveyor yebhande, i-lifti yebhakede.
Idizayini evamile yenqubo yokukhiqiza umanyolo we-organic ihlanganisa:
1. Ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokwanda kwezitshalo zebhaktheriya.
2.Ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinto ezithuthukisiwe kanyei-biological fermentation system.
3. Ubuchwepheshe befomula ekhethekile ekhethekile (inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yefomula yomkhiqizo ingaklanywa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokuya ngenhlabathi yendawo kanye nezici zezitshalo).
4. Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula obunengqondo bokungcoliswa kwesibili (i-waste gas kanye nephunga).
5. Ukwakhiwa kwenqubo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqizaumugqa wokukhiqiza umanyolo.
Izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa ekukhiqizeni ubulongwe benkukhu
Ubuhle bezinto ezingavuthiwe:
Ukucoleka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni umanyolo we-organic.Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho, ubuhle bayo yonke impahla eluhlaza kufanele ihambisane nalokhu okulandelayo: amaphuzu angu-100-60 wempahla eluhlaza mayelana ne-30-40%, amaphuzu angu-60 kuya cishe ku-1.00 mm ububanzi bempahla eluhlaza mayelana nama-35%, futhi cishe 25% -30% ububanzi 1.00-2.00 mm.Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ingxenye enkulu yezinto ezicolekileyo kakhulu ivame ukudala izinkinga njengezinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu nezinhlayiya ezingajwayelekile ngenxa ye-viscosity enhle kakhulu.
Ukuvuthwa Izinga Lokuvutshelwa Komquba Wenkukhu
Umquba wezinkukhu kufanele ubole ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokufaka.Izimuncagazi ezisemqubeni wezinkukhu kanye namaqanda azo, kanye namanye amagciwane athathelwanayo, azonqanyulwa ngenqubo yokubola (ukuvutshelwa).Ngemuva kokubola ngokuphelele, umquba wezinkukhu uzoba umanyolo oyisisekelo wekhwalithi ephezulu.
1. Ukuvuthwa
Ngesikhathi esifanayo nalezi zimo ezintathu ezilandelayo, ungakwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi ubulongwe benkukhu bubilile.
1. Ngokuyisisekelo alikho iphunga elibi;2. I-hyphae emhlophe;3. Umquba wenkukhu usesimweni esixegayo.
Isikhathi sokuvubela ngokuvamile siba yizinyanga ezi-3 ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ezizosheshiswa kakhulu uma i-ejenti yokuvubela yengezwa.Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa le-ambient, izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ziyadingeka, futhi izinsuku ezingama-7-10 zingaqedwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhiqiza zasembonini.
2. Umswakama
Okuqukethwe kwamanzi kufanele kulungiswe ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa komquba wezinkukhu.Enqubweni yokuvubela umanyolo wemvelo, ukufaneleka kokuqukethwe kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuthi i-ejenti ebolayo igcwele amagciwane aphilayo, uma yome kakhulu noma imanzi kakhulu izophazamisa ukuvutshelwa kwamagciwane, ngokuvamile kufanele igcinwe ku-60 ~ 65%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2021